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From 33613a85afc4b1481367fbe92a17ee59c240250b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sven Eisenhauer Date: Fri, 10 Nov 2023 15:11:48 +0100 Subject: add new repo --- Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch1/1_1_7/buttons.html | 109 ++++++++ Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch1/1_1_7/content.html | 273 +++++++++++++++++++++ Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch1/1_1_7/index.html | 29 +++ Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch1/1_1_7/media.html | 21 ++ 4 files changed, 432 insertions(+) create mode 100644 Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch1/1_1_7/buttons.html create mode 100644 Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch1/1_1_7/content.html create mode 100644 Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch1/1_1_7/index.html create mode 100644 Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch1/1_1_7/media.html (limited to 'Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch1/1_1_7') diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch1/1_1_7/buttons.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch1/1_1_7/buttons.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d60e4a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch1/1_1_7/buttons.html @@ -0,0 +1,109 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + +New Page 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

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+ +	1.1		+ Scaling Networks with NAT + and PAT
	+ 1.1.7		+ Issues with NAT

+ + + + + + +

+ + + NAT has several advantages, including: +

+ + + NAT conserves the legally registered addressing scheme by allowing + the privatization of intranets.
+ + Increases the flexibility of connections + to the public network. Multiple pools, backup pools, and load + balancing pools can be implemented to assure reliable public network + connections. +
+ + Consistency of the internal network + addressing scheme. On a network without private IP addresses and NAT, + changing public IP addresses requires the renumbering of all hosts on + the existing network. The costs of renumbering hosts can be + significant. NAT allows the existing scheme to remain while supporting + a new public addressing scheme.

+ + + NAT is not without drawbacks. Enabling address translation will cause + a loss of functionality, particularly with any protocol or application + that involves sending IP address information inside the IP payload. + This requires additional support by the NAT device.

+ + NAT increases delay. Switching path delays + are introduced because of the translation of each IP address within + the packet headers.

+ + Performance may be a consideration because + NAT is currently accomplished by using process switching. The CPU must + look at every packet to decide whether it has to translate it. The CPU + must alter the IP header, and possibly alter the TCP header.

+ + + One significant disadvantage when implementing and using NAT is the + loss of end-to-end IP traceability. It becomes much more difficult to + trace packets that undergo numerous packet address changes over + multiple NAT hops. Hackers who want to determine the source of a + packet will find it difficult to trace or obtain the original source + or destination address.

+ + + NAT also forces some applications that use IP addressing to stop + functioning because it hides end-to-end IP addresses. Applications + that use physical addresses instead of a qualified domain name will + not reach destinations that are translated across the NAT router. + Sometimes, this problem can be avoided by implementing static NAT + mappings.

+ + Cisco IOS NAT supports the following + traffic types: +

+ + + ICMP
+ + + File Transfer Protocol (FTP), including PORT and PASV commands +
+ + + NetBIOS over TCP/IP, datagram, name, and session services +
+ + + RealNetworks' RealAudio
+ + White Pines' CUSeeMe
+ + Xing Technologies' StreamWorks
+ + + DNS "A" and "PTR" queries
+ + H.323/Microsoft NetMeeting, IOS versions + 12.0(1)/12.0(1)T and later
+ + VDOnet's VDOLive, IOS versions + 11.3(4)11.3(4)T and later
+ + + VXtreme's Web Theater, IOS versions 11.3(4)11.3(4)T and later
+ + + IP Multicast, IOS version 12.0(1)T with source address translation + only +

+ + + Cisco IOS NAT does not support the following traffic types:

+ + + Routing table updates
+ + + DNS zone transfers
+ + + BOOTP
+ + + talk and ntalk protocols
+ + + Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

+ + + + +
+ + + + + +
+ +
+ + + + + +
+ + + + + +
+
+ + + Interactive Media Activity
+ +
Checkbox: Issues with NAT
+
When the student has completed this activity, the student + will be able to identify issues with the use of NAT.
+ +
+
+
+ + + + + + + + +
+ + + + + +
+ +
+ + + + + +
+ + + + + +
+
+ + Web Links
+ + +
Verifying NAT Operation and Basic NAT Troubleshooting
+ + http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/
+ + tk648/tk361/technologies_tech_note
+ + 09186a0080094c32.shtml
+ +
+
+
+
+

+ +

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