From 33613a85afc4b1481367fbe92a17ee59c240250b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sven Eisenhauer Date: Fri, 10 Nov 2023 15:11:48 +0100 Subject: add new repo --- Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_1_6/buttons.html | 110 +++++++++++++++ Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_1_6/content.html | 147 +++++++++++++++++++++ Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_1_6/index.html | 29 ++++ Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_1_6/media.html | 21 +++ 4 files changed, 307 insertions(+) create mode 100644 Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_1_6/buttons.html create mode 100644 Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_1_6/content.html create mode 100644 Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_1_6/index.html create mode 100644 Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_1_6/media.html (limited to 'Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_1_6') diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_1_6/buttons.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_1_6/buttons.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2d87190 --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_1_6/buttons.html @@ -0,0 +1,110 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + +New Page 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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+ + 2.1 + WAN Technologies Overview 
  + 2.1.6 + WAN link options 
+ + + + + + +
+ + + Figure + provides an overview of WAN link options. +

Circuit switching establishes a dedicated physical connection for voice + or data between a sender and receiver. Before communication can start, it + is necessary to establish the connection by setting the switches. This + is done by the telephone system, using the dialed number. ISDN is used + on digital lines as well as on voice-grade lines. If the local loop is + not directly connected to the telephone system, a digital subscriber + line (DSL) may be available.

+

To avoid the delays associated with setting up a connection, + telephone service providers also offer permanent circuits. These + dedicated or leased lines offer higher bandwidth than is available + with a switched circuit. Examples of circuit-switched connections + include:

+
    +
  • Plain Old Telephone System (POTS)
    • +
  • ISDN Basic Rate Interface (BRI)
    • +
  • ISDN Primary Rate Interface (PRI)
    • +
+

Many WAN users do not make efficient use of the fixed bandwidth + that is available with dedicated, switched, or permanent circuits, because the data flow + fluctuates. Communications providers have data networks available to + more appropriately service these users. In these networks, the data is transmitted in labeled + cells, frames, or packets through a packet-switched network. Because + the internal links between the switches are shared between many users, + the costs of packet switching are lower than those of circuit + switching. Delays (latency) and variability of delay (jitter) are + greater in packet-switched than in circuit-switched networks. This is + because the links are shared and packets must be entirely received at + one switch before moving to the next. Despite the latency and jitter + inherent in shared networks, modern technology allows satisfactory + transport of voice and even video communications on these networks.

+

Packet-switched networks may establish routes through the switches + for particular end-to-end connections. Routes established when the + switches are started are PVCs. Routes established on demand are SVCs. If the routing is not + pre-established and is worked out by each switch for each packet, the + network is called connectionless.

+

To connect to a packet-switched network, a subscriber needs a local + loop to the nearest location where the provider makes the service + available. This is called the point-of-presence (POP) of the service. + Normally this will be a dedicated leased line. This line will be much + shorter than a leased line directly connected to + the subscriber locations, and often carries several VCs. + Since it + is likely that not all the VCs will require maximum demand + simultaneously, the capacity of the leased line can be smaller than + the sum of the individual VCs. Examples of packet or cell switched + connections include:

+
    +
  • Frame Relay
    • +
  • X.25
    • +
  • ATM
    • +
+

+ + + + +
+ + + + + +
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+ + + + + +
  +

+ + Web Links

+ + +

WAN

+ + http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/ tk713/ + tech_topology_and_ network_serv_and_ + protocol_suite_ home.html

+ +

+

+
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+

+       +      + + +

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