From 33613a85afc4b1481367fbe92a17ee59c240250b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sven Eisenhauer Date: Fri, 10 Nov 2023 15:11:48 +0100 Subject: add new repo --- Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_4/buttons.html | 110 ++++++++++++++ Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_4/content.html | 165 +++++++++++++++++++++ Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_4/index.html | 29 ++++ Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_4/media.html | 21 +++ 4 files changed, 325 insertions(+) create mode 100644 Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_4/buttons.html create mode 100644 Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_4/content.html create mode 100644 Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_4/index.html create mode 100644 Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_4/media.html (limited to 'Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_4') diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_4/buttons.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_4/buttons.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a43981f --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_4/buttons.html @@ -0,0 +1,110 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + +New Page 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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+ + 2.2 + WAN Technologies 
  + 2.2.4 + X.25 
+ + + + + + + +
+ In response to the expense of leased + lines, telecommunications providers introduced packet-switched + networks using shared lines to reduce costs. The first of these + packet-switched networks was standardized as the X.25 group of + protocols. X.25 provides a low bit rate shared variable capacity that + may be either switched or permanent. +

+ X.25 is a network-layer protocol and + subscribers are provided with a network address. Virtual circuits can + be established through the network with call request packets to the + target address. The resulting SVC is + identified by a channel number. Data packets labeled with the channel + number are delivered to the corresponding address. Multiple channels + can be active on a single connection.

+

Subscribers connect to the X.25 network + with either leased lines or dialup connections. X.25 networks can also + have pre-established channels between subscribers that provide a + + PVC.

+

X.25 can be very cost effective because + tariffs are based on the amount of data delivered rather than + connection time or distance. Data can be delivered at any rate up to + the connection capacity. This provides some flexibility. X.25 networks + are usually low capacity, with a maximum of 48 kbps. In addition, the + data packets are subject to the delays typical of shared networks.

+

X.25 technology is no longer widely + available as a WAN technology in the US. Frame Relay has replaced X.25 at many service provider locations.

+

Typical X.25 applications are + point-of-sale card readers. These readers use X.25 in dialup mode to + validate transactions on a central computer. Some enterprises also use + X.25 based value-added networks (VAN) to transfer Electronic Data + Interchange (EDI) invoices, bills of lading, and other commercial + documents. For these applications, the low bandwidth and high latency + are not a concern, because the low cost makes the use of X.25 + affordable.

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+ + + Interactive Media Activity

+ +

Checkbox: WAN Technologies X.25

+

Upon completing this activity, the student + will be able to identify the characteristics associated with an + X.25 connection.

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+ + Web Links

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X.25 Protocol

+ + http://www2.rad.com/networks/1996/ x25/x25.htm

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