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+ +	3.1		+ Serial Point-to-Point Links
	+ 3.1.7		+ Troubleshooting a serial + interface

+ + + + + + +

+ + The output of the + show interfaces + serial command + displays information specific to serial interfaces. When HDLC is configured, “Encapsulation HDLC” should be reflected in the + output. +

When PPP + is configured, "Encapsulation PPP" should be seen in the output. +

Five + possible problem states can be identified in the interface status line + of the + show interfaces serial + display:

Serial x is down, line protocol is + down
Serial x is up, line protocol is + down
Serial x is up, line protocol is up + (looped)
Serial x is up, line protocol is + down (disabled)
Serial x is administratively down, + line protocol is down

The + show controllers + command is another important diagnostic tool when troubleshooting + serial lines. The show + controllers output indicates + the state of the interface channels and whether a cable is attached + to the interface. In Figure + , serial + interface 0/0 has a V.35 DTE cable attached. The command syntax + varies, depending on platform. For serial interfaces on Cisco 7000 + series routers, use the + show controllers cbus + command.

If the electrical + interface output is shown as UNKNOWN, instead of V.35, EIA/TIA-449, + or some other electrical interface type, an improperly connected + cable is the likely problem. A problem with the internal wiring of + the card is also possible. If the electrical interface is unknown, + the corresponding display for the + show interfaces serial + <X> command will show that the interface and line protocol are down.

+ Following are some debug commands that + are useful when troubleshooting serial and WAN problems:

debug serial interface + – Verifies whether HDLC keepalive packets are incrementing. If + they are not, a possible timing problem exists on the interface + card or in the network. +
debug arp + – Indicates whether the router is sending information about or + learning about routers (with ARP packets) on the other side of the + WAN cloud. Use this command when some nodes on a TCP/IP network + are responding, but others are not.
debug frame-relay lmi + – Obtains Local Management Interface (LMI) information which is + useful for determining whether a Frame Relay switch and a router + are sending and receiving LMI packets.
debug frame-relay events + – Determines whether exchanges are occurring between a router and + a Frame Relay switch.
debug ppp negotiation + – Shows Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) packets transmitted during + PPP startup where PPP options are negotiated.
debug ppp packet + – Shows PPP packets being sent and received. This command displays + low-level packet dumps.
debug ppp + – Shows PPP errors, such as illegal or malformed frames, + associated with PPP connection negotiation and operation.
debug ppp authentication + – Shows PPP Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP) and + Password Authentication Protocol (PAP) packet exchanges.

+
Caution: Debugging output is + assigned high priority in the CPU process and can render the + system unusable. For this reason, debug commands should only be + used to troubleshoot specific problems or during troubleshooting + sessions with Cisco technical support staff. It is good practice + to use debug commands during periods of low network traffic and + when the fewest users are online. Debugging during these periods + decreases the likelihood that increased debug command processing + overhead will affect system use.
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+ + + + + Lab Activity
+ +
Lab Exercise: Troubleshooting a Serial Interface
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In this lab, the students will configure a serial interface on the London and + Paris routers.
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+ + + + Lab Activity
+ +
e-Lab Activity: Troubleshooting a Serial Interface
+ +
In this lab, the student will configure a serial + interface on the London and Paris routers.
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