From 33613a85afc4b1481367fbe92a17ee59c240250b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sven Eisenhauer Date: Fri, 10 Nov 2023 15:11:48 +0100 Subject: add new repo --- Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch3/3_2_1/buttons.html | 109 ++++++++++ Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch3/3_2_1/content.html | 219 +++++++++++++++++++++ Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch3/3_2_1/index.html | 29 +++ Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch3/3_2_1/media.html | 21 ++ 4 files changed, 378 insertions(+) create mode 100644 Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch3/3_2_1/buttons.html create mode 100644 Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch3/3_2_1/content.html create mode 100644 Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch3/3_2_1/index.html create mode 100644 Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch3/3_2_1/media.html (limited to 'Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch3/3_2_1') diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch3/3_2_1/buttons.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch3/3_2_1/buttons.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..022ca84 --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch3/3_2_1/buttons.html @@ -0,0 +1,109 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + +New Page 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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+ + 3.2 + PPP Authentication +  
  + 3.2.1 + PPP layered architecture 
+ + + + + + +
+ + +

PPP uses a layered architecture. A + layered architecture is a logical model, design, or blueprint that + aids in communication between interconnecting layers. The Open System + Interconnection (OSI) model is the layered architecture used in + networking. PPP provides a method for encapsulating multi-protocol + datagrams over a point-to-point link, and uses the data link layer for + testing the connection. Therefore PPP is made up of two sub-protocols: +

    +
  • Link Control Protocol – Used for establishing the point-to-point + link.
    • +
  • Network Control Protocol – Used for configuring the various + network layer protocols. +
    • +
+

PPP can be configured on the following types of physical interfaces:

    +
  • Asynchronous serial
    • +
  • Synchronous serial
    • +
  • High-Speed Serial Interface (HSSI)
    • +
  • Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
    • +
+

PPP uses Link Control Protocol (LCP) to negotiate and setup + control options on the WAN data link. PPP uses the Network Control + Protocol (NCP) component to encapsulate and negotiate options for + multiple network layer protocols. The LCP sits on top of the physical + layer and is used to establish, configure, and test the data-link + connection. +

PPP also uses LCP to automatically agree upon encapsulation format + options such as:

    +
  • Authentication – Authentication options require that + the calling side of the link enter information to help ensure + the caller has the network administrator's permission to make + the call. Peer routers exchange authentication messages. Two + authentication choices are Password Authentication Protocol + (PAP) and Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP).
    • +
  • Compression – Compression options increase the effective throughput + on PPP connections by reducing the amount of data in the frame that + must travel across the link. The protocol decompresses the frame at + its destination. Two compression protocols available in Cisco routers + are Stacker and Predictor.
    • +
  • Error detection – Error detection mechanisms with PPP enable a + process to identify fault conditions. The Quality and Magic Number + options help ensure a reliable, loop-free data link.
    • +
  • Multilink – Cisco IOS Release 11.1 and later supports multilink + PPP. This alternative provides load balancing over the router + interfaces that PPP uses.
    • +
  • PPP Callback – To further enhance security, Cisco IOS Release 11.1 + offers callback over PPP. With this LCP option, a Cisco router can act + as a callback client or as a callback server. The client makes the + initial call, requests that it be called back, and terminates its + initial call. The callback router answers the initial call and makes + the return call to the client based on its configuration statements. +
    • +
+

LCP will also do the following:

    +
  • Handle varying limits on packet size
    • +
  • Detect common misconfiguration errors
    • +
  • Terminate the link
    • +
  • Determine when a link is functioning properly or when it is failing
    • +
+

PPP permits multiple network layer protocols to operate on the same + communications link. For every network layer protocol used, a separate + Network Control Protocol (NCP) is provided. For example, Internet + Protocol (IP) uses the IP Control Protocol (IPCP), and Internetwork + Packet Exchange (IPX) uses the Novell IPX Control Protocol (IPXCP). NCPs + include functional fields containing standardized codes to indicate + the network layer protocol type that PPP encapsulates. +

The fields of a PPP frame are as follows:

    +
  • Flag – Indicates the beginning or end of a frame and consists of the + binary sequence 01111110.
    • +
  • Address – Consists of the standard broadcast address, which is the + binary sequence 11111111. PPP does not assign individual station + addresses.
    • +
  • Control – 1 byte that consists of the binary sequence 00000011, + which calls for transmission of user data in an unsequenced frame. A + connection-less link service similar to that of Logical Link Control + (LLC) Type 1 is provided.
    • +
  • Protocol – 2 bytes that identify the protocol encapsulated in the + data field of the frame. +
    • +
  • Data – 0 or more bytes that contain the datagram for the protocol + specified in the protocol field. The end of the data field is found by + locating the closing flag sequence and allowing 2 bytes for the frame + check sequence (FCS) field. The default maximum length of the data + field is 1,500 bytes.
    • +
  • FCS – Normally 16 bits or 2 bytes that refers to the extra + characters added to a frame for error control purposes.
    • +
+ + + + +
+ + + + + +
+ +
+ + + + + +
+ + + + + +
  +

+ + + Interactive Media Activity

+ +

Drag and Drop: PPP Layered Architecture

+

When the student has completed this activity, the student + will understand the basic PPP layered architecture.

+ +

+
+
+ + +     + + + + + + +
+ + + + + +
+ +
+ + + + + +
+ + + + + +
  +

+ + Web Links

+ + +

Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)

+ + http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/ + td/doc/cisintwk/ito_doc/ppp.htm

+ +

+

+
+
+

+       +  

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