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+ +	4.1		+ ISDN Concepts
	+ 4.1.1		+ Introducing ISDN

+ + + + + + + + + + +

+ + + There are several WAN technologies used to provide network access from + remote locations. One of these technologies is ISDN. + ISDN can be used as a solution to the low + bandwidth problems that small offices or dial-in users have with + traditional telephone dial-in services.

+ + + + The traditional PSTN was based on an analog connection between the + customer premises and the local + exchange, also called the local loop. + + The analog circuits introduce limitations on the bandwidth that can be + obtained on the local loop. Circuit restrictions do not permit analog + bandwidths greater than approximately 3000 Hz. ISDN technology + permits the use of digital data on the local loop, providing better + access speeds for the remote users. +

+

+ + + + Telephone companies developed ISDN with the intention of creating a + totally digital network. ISDN allows digital signals to be transmitted + over existing telephone wiring. This became possible when the + telephone company switches were upgraded to handle digital signals. + ISDN is generally used for telecommuting and networking small and + remote offices into the corporate LAN.

+

+ + Telephone companies developed ISDN as part of an effort to standardize + subscriber services. This included the User-Network Interface (UNI), + better known as the local loop. + + The ISDN standards define the hardware and call setup schemes for + end-to-end digital connectivity. These standards help achieve the goal + of worldwide connectivity by ensuring that ISDN networks easily + communicate with one another. In an ISDN network, the digitizing + function is done at the user site rather than the telephone company.

+

+ + ISDN brings digital connectivity to local sites. The following list + provides some of the benefits of ISDN: +

+

+ + Carries a variety of user traffic signals, including data, voice, + and video
+ + Offers much faster call setup than modem connections
+ + B channels provide a faster data transfer rate + than modems
+ + B channels are suitable for negotiated Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) + links

+

+ + + + ISDN is a versatile service able to carry voice, video, and data + traffic. It is possible to use multiple channels to carry different + types of traffic over a single connection.

+

+ + + ISDN uses out-of-band signaling, the delta (D channel), for call setup + and signaling. To make a normal telephone call, the user dials the + number one digit at a time. Once all the numbers are received, the + call can be placed to the remote user. ISDN delivers the numbers to + the switch at D-channel rates, thus reducing the time it takes to set + up the call.

+

+ + + ISDN also provides more bandwidth than a traditional 56 kbps dialup + connection. ISDN uses bearer channels, also called B channels, as + clear data paths. Each B channel provides 64 kbps of bandwidth. With + multiple B channels, ISDN offers more bandwidth for WAN connections + than some leased services. An ISDN connection with two B channels + would provide a total usable bandwidth of 128 kbps.

+

+ + Each ISDN B channel can make a separate serial connection to any other + site in the ISDN network. Since PPP operates over both synchronous and + asynchronous serial links, ISDN lines can be used in conjunction with + PPP encapsulation.

+

+ + + + +
+ + + + + +
+ +
+ + + + + +
+ + + + + +
+
+ + Web Links
+ + +
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
+ + http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/ + td/doc/cisintwk/ ito_doc/ isdn.htm
+ +
+
+
+
+

+ + + + +

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