From 33613a85afc4b1481367fbe92a17ee59c240250b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sven Eisenhauer Date: Fri, 10 Nov 2023 15:11:48 +0100 Subject: add new repo --- Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch5/5_1_5/buttons.html | 110 +++++++++++++ Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch5/5_1_5/content.html | 170 +++++++++++++++++++++ Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch5/5_1_5/index.html | 29 ++++ Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch5/5_1_5/media.html | 21 +++ 4 files changed, 330 insertions(+) create mode 100644 Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch5/5_1_5/buttons.html create mode 100644 Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch5/5_1_5/content.html create mode 100644 Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch5/5_1_5/index.html create mode 100644 Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch5/5_1_5/media.html (limited to 'Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch5/5_1_5') diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch5/5_1_5/buttons.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch5/5_1_5/buttons.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6e29224 --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch5/5_1_5/buttons.html @@ -0,0 +1,110 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + +New Page 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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+ + 5.1 + Frame Relay Concepts + +  
  + 5.1.5 + Frame Relay address mapping and + topology 
+ + + + + + +
+ + + When more than two sites are to be connected, consideration must be + given to the topology of the connections between them.

+ + + Frame Relay is unlikely to be cost-effective when only two sites are + interconnected with a point-to-point connection. Frame Relay is more + cost-effective where multiple sites must be interconnected.

+

+ + + WANs are often interconnected as a star topology. A central site hosts + the primary services and is connected to each of the remote sites + needing access to the services. + In this + hub and spoke topology the location of the hub is chosen to give the + lowest leased line cost. When implementing a star topology with Frame + Relay, each remote site has an access link to the frame relay cloud + with a single VC. The hub has an access link with multiple VCs, one + for each remote site. + Because + Frame Relay tariffs are not distance related, the hub does not need to + be in the geographical center of the network.

+

+ + + A full mesh topology is chosen when services to be accessed are + geographically dispersed and highly reliable access to them is + required. + With full mesh, every site is connected to every other site. Unlike + with leased line interconnections, this can be achieved in Frame Relay + without additional hardware. + It is + necessary to configure additional VCs on the existing links to upgrade + from star to full mesh topology. Multiple VCs on an access + link will generally make better use of Frame Relay than single VCs. + This is + because they take advantage of the built-in statistical multiplexing. 

+

+ + + For large networks, full mesh topology is seldom affordable. This is + because the number of links required for a full mesh topology grows at + almost the square of the number of sites. While there is no equipment + issue for Frame Relay, there is a limit of less than 1000 VCs per + link. In practice, the limit will be less than that, and larger + networks will generally be partial mesh topology. With partial mesh, + there are more interconnections than required for a star arrangement, + but not as many as for a full mesh. The actual pattern is very + dependant on the data flow requirements.

+

+ + + In any Frame Relay topology, when a single interface is used to + interconnect multiple sites, there may be reachability issues. This is + due to the nonbroadcast multiaccess (NBMA) nature of Frame Relay. + Split horizon is a technique used by routing protocols to prevent + routing loops. Split horizon does not allow routing updates to be sent + out the same interface that was the source of the route information. + This can cause problems with routing updates in a Frame Relay + environment where multiple PVCs are on a single physical interface.

+

+ + + Whatever the underlying topology of the physical network, a mapping is + needed in each FRAD or router between a data link layer Frame Relay + address and a network layer address, such as an IP address. + Essentially, the router needs to know what networks are reachable + beyond a particular interface. The same problem exists if an ordinary + leased line is connected to an interface. The difference is that the + remote end of a leased line is connected directly to a single router. + Frames from the DTE travel down a leased line as far as a network + switch, where they may fan out to as many as 1000 routers. The DLCI + for each VC must be associated with the network address of its remote + router. This information can be configured manually by using map + commands. It can also be configured automatically, taking LMI status + information and sending a Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP) + message on each VC identified. This process is described in more + detail in a separate section.

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+ + Web Links

+ + +

Configuring Dynamic and Static Mapping for Multipoint Subinterfaces

+ + http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/ + 125/ 17.html#17-A

+ +

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