From 33613a85afc4b1481367fbe92a17ee59c240250b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sven Eisenhauer Date: Fri, 10 Nov 2023 15:11:48 +0100 Subject: add new repo --- Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch5/5_1_6/buttons.html | 110 ++++++++++ Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch5/5_1_6/content.html | 240 +++++++++++++++++++++ Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch5/5_1_6/index.html | 29 +++ Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch5/5_1_6/media.html | 21 ++ 4 files changed, 400 insertions(+) create mode 100644 Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch5/5_1_6/buttons.html create mode 100644 Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch5/5_1_6/content.html create mode 100644 Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch5/5_1_6/index.html create mode 100644 Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch5/5_1_6/media.html (limited to 'Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch5/5_1_6') diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch5/5_1_6/buttons.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch5/5_1_6/buttons.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bc7315f --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch5/5_1_6/buttons.html @@ -0,0 +1,110 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + +New Page 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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+ + 5.1 + Frame Relay Concepts + +  
  + 5.1.6 + Frame Relay LMI 
+ + + + + + +
+ + + Frame Relay was designed to provide packet-switched data transfer with + minimal end-to-end delays. Anything that might contribute to delays + was omitted. When vendors came to implement Frame Relay as a separate + technology rather than as one component of ISDN, they decided that + there was a need for DTEs to dynamically acquire information about the + status of the network. This feature was omitted in the original + design. The extensions for this status transfer are called the Local + Management Interface (LMI).

+ + + The 10-bit DLCI field allows VC identifiers 0 through 1023. The LMI + extensions reserve some of these identifiers. This reduces the number of + permitted VCs. LMI messages are exchanged between the DTE and DCE + using these reserved DLCIs. +

+

+ + + The LMI extensions include the following:

+
    +
  • + + + The heartbeat mechanism, which verifies that a VC is operational + +
    • +
  • + + + The multicast mechanism
    • +
  • + + + The flow control
    • +
  • + + + The ability to give DLCIs global significance
    • +
  • + + + The VC status mechanism
    • +
+

+ + + There are several LMI types, each of which is incompatible with the + others. The LMI type + configured on the router must match the type used by the service + provider. Three types of LMIs are supported by Cisco + routers: + +

+
    +
  • + + + Cisco – The original LMI extensions + +
    • +
  • + + + Ansi – Corresponding to the ANSI standard T1.617 Annex D
    • +
  • + + + q933a – Corresponding to the ITU standard Q933 Annex A
    • +
+

+ + + LMI messages are carried in a variant of LAPF frames. This variant + includes four extra fields in the header so that they will be + compatible with the LAPD frames used in ISDN. The address field + carries one of the reserved DLCIs. Following this are the control, + protocol discriminator, and call reference fields that do not + change. The fourth field indicates the LMI message type. +

+

+ + + There are one or more information elements (IE) that follow the header. + Each IE consists of the following:

+
    +
  • + + + A one byte IE identifier + +
    • +
  • + + + An IE length field + +
    • +
  • + + + One or more bytes containing actual data that typically includes + the status of a DLCI
    • +
+

+ + + Status messages help verify the integrity of logical and physical + links. This information is critical in a routing environment because + routing protocols make decisions based on link integrity.

+ + + + +
+ + + + + +
+ +
+ + + + + +
+ + + + + +
  +

+ + + Interactive Media Activity

+ +

Drag and Drop: LMI Message Format

+

When the student has completed this activity, the student + will be able to correctly order the fields in a LMI message + frame.

+ +

+
+
+ + +     + + + + + +
+ + + + + +
+ +
+ + + + + +
+ + + + + +
  +

+ + Web Links

+ + +

Frame Relay

+ + http://www.tele.sunyit.edu/ + internetworking/ 55149.htm

+ +

+

+
+
+

+       +     +

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