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+ +	5.2		+ Configuring Frame Relay
	+ 5.2.3		+ Reachability issues with routing + updates in NBMA

+ + + + + + +

+ + By default, a Frame Relay network provides non-broadcast multi-access (NBMA) + connectivity between remote sites. An NBMA environment is viewed like other + multiaccess media environments, such as Ethernet, where all the routers are + on the same subnet. However, to reduce cost, NBMA clouds are usually built + in a hub-and-spoke topology. With a hub-and-spoke topology, the physical + topology does not provide the multi-access capabilities that Ethernet does. +

The physical + topology consists of multiple PVCs. +

A Frame Relay NBMA topology may cause two problems:

+

Reachability issues regarding routing updates
The need to replicate broadcasts on each PVC when a physical + interface contains more than one PVC

+

Split-horizon updates reduce routing loops by not allowing a routing + update received on one interface to be forwarded out the same interface. If + Router B, a spoke router, sends a broadcast routing update to Router A, the + hub router, and Router A has multiple PVCs over a single physical interface, + then Router A cannot forward that routing update through the same physical + interface to other remote spoke routers. If split-horizon is disabled, then the + routing update can be forwarded out the same physical interface from which + it came. Split-horizon is not a problem when there is a single PVC on a + physical interface. This would be a point-to-point Frame Relay connection. +

+

Routers that support multiple connections over a single physical + interface have many PVCs that terminate in a single router. This router must + replicate broadcast packets such as routing update broadcasts, on each PVC, + to the remote routers. The replicated broadcast packets can consume + bandwidth and cause significant latency to user traffic. It might seem + logical to turn off split-horizon to resolve the reachability issues caused + by split-horizon. However, not all network layer protocols allow + split-horizon to be disabled and disabling split-horizon increases the + chances of routing loops in any network.

+

One way to solve the split-horizon problem is to use a fully meshed + topology. However, this will increase the cost because more PVCs are + required. The preferred solution is to use subinterfaces.

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+ + + + Lab Activity
+ +
e-Lab Activity: + + + Configuring Frame Relay Subinterfaces
+ + + +
In this activity, the student will configure three routers in + a full-mesh Frame Relay network.
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+ + Web Links
+ + +
Problems with Running OSPF in NBMA Mode over Frame Relay
+ + http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/ + tk826/tk365/technologies_tech_ + note09186a0080094051.shtml
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