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From 33613a85afc4b1481367fbe92a17ee59c240250b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sven Eisenhauer Date: Fri, 10 Nov 2023 15:11:48 +0100 Subject: add new repo --- Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch6/6_2_4/buttons.html | 107 ++++++++++ Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch6/6_2_4/content.html | 233 +++++++++++++++++++++ Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch6/6_2_4/index.html | 29 +++ Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch6/6_2_4/media.html | 21 ++ 4 files changed, 390 insertions(+) create mode 100644 Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch6/6_2_4/buttons.html create mode 100644 Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch6/6_2_4/content.html create mode 100644 Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch6/6_2_4/index.html create mode 100644 Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch6/6_2_4/media.html (limited to 'Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch6/6_2_4') diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch6/6_2_4/buttons.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch6/6_2_4/buttons.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..79216aa --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch6/6_2_4/buttons.html @@ -0,0 +1,107 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + +New Page 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

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+ +	6.2		+ Network Management
	+ 6.2.4		+ SNMP operation

+ + + + + + +

+ + Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) + is an application layer protocol designed to facilitate the exchange + of management information between network devices. By using SNMP to + access management information data, such as packets per second sent on + an interface or number of open TCP connections, network administrators can more easily manage + network performance to find and solve network problems.

+ + Today, SNMP is the most popular protocol + for managing diverse commercial, university, and research + internetworks.

+ + Standardization activity continues even as + vendors develop and release state-of-the-art SNMP-based management + applications. SNMP is a simple protocol, yet its feature set is + sufficiently powerful to handle the difficult problems involved with + the management of heterogeneous networks.

+ + The organizational model for SNMP based network management includes + four elements:

+ + Management station
+ + Management agent
+ + Management information base
+ + Network management protocol

+ + The network management station (NMS) is + usually a standalone workstation, but it may be implemented over + several systems. It + includes a collection of software called the network management + application (NMA). The NMA includes a user interface to allow + authorized network managers to manage the network. It responds to user + commands and issued commands to management agents throughout the + network. The management agents are key network platforms and devices, + other hosts, routers, bridges and hubs, equipped with SNMP so that + they can be managed. They respond to requests for information and + requests for actions from the NMS, such as polling, and may provide the NMS + with important but unsolicited information, such as traps. All the management + information of a particular agent is stored in the management + information base on that agent. An agent might keep track of the + following:

+ + Number and state of its virtual circuits
+ + Number of certain kinds of error messages + received
+ + Number of bytes and packets in and out of + the device
+ + Maximum output queue length, for routers + and other internetworking devices
+ + Broadcast messages sent and received
+ + Network interfaces going down and coming + up

+ + The NMS performs a monitoring function by + retrieving the values from the MIB. The NMS can cause an action to + take place at an agent. The + communication between the manager and the agent is carried out by an + application layer network management protocol. SNMP uses User Datagram + Protocol (UDP) and communicates over ports 161 and 162. It is based on + an exchange of messages. There are three common message types:

+ + Get – Enables the management station to retrieve the value of MIB + objects from the agent.
+ + Set – Enables the management station to set the value of MIB + objects at the agent.
+ + Trap – Enables the agent to notify + the management station of significant events.

+ + This model is referred to as a two-tier model. + However, it assumes + that all network elements are manageable by SNMP. This is not always + the case, as some devices have a proprietary management interface. In + these cases, a three-tiered model is required. + A network manager + who wants to obtain information or control this proprietary node + communicates with a proxy agent. The proxy agent then translates the + manager’s SNMP request into a form appropriate to the target system and + uses whatever proprietary management protocol is appropriate to + communicate with the target system. Responses from the target to + the proxy are translated into SNMP messages and + communicated back to the manager. +

+ + Network management applications often + offload some network management functionality to a remote monitor (RMON) + probe. The RMON probe gathers management information locally, and then + the network manager periodically retrieves a summary of this data.

+ + The NMS is an ordinary workstation, running a typical operating + system. It + has a large amount of RAM, to hold all the management + applications running at the same time. The manager runs a typical network + protocol stack, such as TCP/IP. The network management applications + rely on the host operating system, and on the communication + architecture. Examples of network management applications are + Ciscoworks2000, HP Openview, and SNMPv2c.

+ + As discussed before, the manager may be a standalone, centralized + workstation sending out queries to all agents, no matter where they + are located. + In a distributed network, a decentralized architecture is + more appropriate, with local NMS at each site. These distributed NMS + can act in a client-server architecture, in which one NMS acts as a + master server, and the others are clients. The clients send their data + to the master server for centralized storage. + An alternative + is that all distributed NMSs have equal responsibility, each with + their own manager databases, so the management information is + distributed over the peer NMSs. +

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+ + Web Links
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SNMP and MIB Basics
+ + http://www.adventnet.com/products/ + cagent/help/ Preface/ intro_snmpmib.html
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