An understanding of the following key points should have been achieved:

• Private addresses are for private, internal use and should never be routed by a public Internet router.
• NAT alters the IP header of a packet so that the destination address, the source address, or both addresses are replaced with different addresses.
• PAT uses unique source port numbers on the inside global IP address to distinguish between translations.
• NAT translations can occur dynamically or statically and can be used for a variety of uses.
• NAT and PAT may be configured for static translation, dynamic translation, and overloading.
• The process for verifying NAT and PAT configuration include the clear and show commands.
• The debug ip nat command is used for troubleshooting NAT and PAT configuration.
• NAT has advantages and disadvantages.
• DHCP works in a client/server mode, enabling clients to obtain IP configurations from a DHCP server.
• BOOTP is the predecessor of DHCP and shares some operational characteristics with DHCP, but BOOTP is not dynamic.
• A DHCP server manages pools of IP addresses and associated parameters. Each pool is dedicated to an individual logical IP subnet.
• The DHCP client configuration process has four steps.
• Usually, a DCHP server is configured to assign more than IP addresses.
• The show ip dhcp binding command is used to verify DHCP operation.
• The debug ip dhcp server events command is used for troubleshooting DHCP.
• When a DHCP server and a client are not on the same segment and are separated by a router, the ip helper-address command is used to relay broadcast requests.