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| author | Sven Eisenhauer <sven@sven-eisenhauer.net> | 2023-11-10 15:11:48 +0100 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Sven Eisenhauer <sven@sven-eisenhauer.net> | 2023-11-10 15:11:48 +0100 |
| commit | 33613a85afc4b1481367fbe92a17ee59c240250b (patch) | |
| tree | 670b842326116b376b505ec2263878912fca97e2 /Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2 | |
| download | Studium-33613a85afc4b1481367fbe92a17ee59c240250b.tar.gz Studium-33613a85afc4b1481367fbe92a17ee59c240250b.tar.bz2 | |
Diffstat (limited to 'Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2')
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+
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
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+ width="2" height="1"></font></td>
+ <td width="100%" bgcolor="#336666"><b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">Overview</font></b></td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="95%" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <tr>
+ <td width="20"></td>
+ <td>
+
+ <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" bordercolor="#111111" width="95%">
+ <tr>
+ <td width="100%">
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">As the enterprise grows beyond a
+ single location, it is necessary to interconnect the LANs in the
+ various branches to form a wide-area network (WAN). This module
+ examines some of the options available for these interconnections,
+ the hardware needed to implement them, and the terminology used to
+ discuss them.</font><p>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">There are many options currently
+ available today for implementing WAN solutions. They differ in
+ technology, speed, and cost. Familiarity with these technologies
+ is an important part of network design and evaluation. </font>
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">If all data traffic in an enterprise
+ is within a single building, a LAN meets the
+ needs of the organization. Buildings can be interconnected with
+ high-speed data links to form a campus LAN if data must flow
+ between buildings on a single campus. However, a WAN is needed to
+ carry data if it must be transferred between geographically
+ separate locations. Individual remote
+ access to the LAN and connection of the LAN to the Internet are
+ separate study topics, and will not be considered here.</font></p>
+ <p>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">Most students will not have the
+ opportunity to design a new WAN, but many will be involved in
+ designing additions and upgrades to existing WANs, and will be
+ able to apply the techniques learned in this module.</font></p>
+ <p>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">Students completing this module should
+ be able to:</font></p>
+ <ul>
+ <li>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">Differentiate between a LAN and WAN</font></li>
+ <li>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">Identify the devices used in a WAN</font></li>
+ <li>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">List WAN standards</font></li>
+ <li>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">Describe WAN encapsulation</font></li>
+ <li>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">Classify the various WAN link options</font></li>
+ <li>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">Differentiate between packet-switched
+ and circuit-switched WAN technologies </font>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">Compare and contrast current WAN
+ technologies</font></li>
+ <li>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">Describe equipment involved in the
+ implementation of various WAN services</font></li>
+ <li>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">Recommend a WAN service to an
+ organization based on its needs</font></li>
+ <li>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">Describe DSL and cable modem
+ connectivity basics</font></li>
+ <li>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">Describe a methodical procedure for
+ designing WANs</font></li>
+ <li>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">Compare and contrast WAN topologies</font></li>
+ <li>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">Compare and contrast WAN design models</font></li>
+ <li>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">Recommend a WAN design to an
+ organization based on its needs</font></li>
+ </ul>
+ <p><font face="Arial" size="2"> </font></td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+
+</body>
+
+</html>
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+
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+<title>Content</title>
+<base target="_self">
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+
+<body background="../../images/bg.gif" topmargin="0" leftmargin="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" onLoad="window.focus();" link="#808080" vlink="#808080" alink="#808080">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" height="53">
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="18" valign="top" height="28">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/content_lines.gif" width="16" height="25">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="2" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" height="28"><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF"><b>2.1</b></font></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" height="28"><img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="10" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="100%" height="28"><strong>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">WAN Technologies Overview</font></strong></td>
+ <td width="9" bgcolor="#336666" height="28"> </td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="18"> </td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25"><b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">
+ 2.1.1</font></b></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25"><img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="10" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="100%"><strong>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">WAN technology</font></strong></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="9"> </td>
+ </tr></table>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="95%" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <tr>
+ <td width="15"></td>
+ <td>
+
+ <font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2">
+ A WAN is a data communications network that operates beyond the
+ geographic scope of a LAN. One primary difference between a WAN and a
+ LAN is that a company or organization must subscribe to an outside WAN
+ service provider in order to use WAN carrier network services. A WAN uses data
+ links provided by carrier services to access the Internet and connect
+ the locations of an organization to each other, to locations of other
+ organizations, to external services, and to remote users. WANs
+ generally carry a variety of traffic types, such as voice, data, and
+ video. Telephone and data services are the most commonly used WAN
+ services.</font><p>
+
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">Devices on the subscriber premises are
+ called customer premises equipment (CPE).
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/1.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12"> The
+ subscriber owns the CPE or leases the CPE from the service provider. A
+ copper or fiber cable connects the CPE to the service provider’s
+ nearest exchange or central office (CO). This cabling is often called
+ the local loop, or "last-mile". A dialed call is connected locally to
+ other local loops, or non-locally through a trunk to a primary center.
+ It then goes to a sectional center and on to a regional or
+ international carrier center as the call travels to its destination.
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/2.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12"></font></p>
+ <p>
+
+ <font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2">
+ In order for the local loop to carry data, a device such as a modem is
+ needed to prepare the data for transmission. Devices that put data on
+ the local loop are called data circuit-terminating equipment, or data
+ communications equipment (DCE). The customer devices that pass the
+ data to the DCE are called data terminal equipment (DTE).
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/3.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12"> The DCE
+ primarily provides an interface for the DTE into the communication
+ link on the WAN cloud. The DTE/DCE interface uses various physical
+ layer protocols, such as High-Speed Serial Interface (HSSI) and V.35. These protocols establish the codes and
+ electrical parameters the devices use to communicate with each other.
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/4.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12"></font></p>
+ <p>
+
+ <font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2">
+ WAN links are provided at various speeds measured in bits per second
+ (bps), kilobits per second (kbps or 1000 bps), megabits per second
+ (Mbps or 1000 kbps) or gigabits per second (Gbps or 1000 Mbps). The
+ bps values are generally full duplex. This means that an E1 line can
+ carry 2 Mbps, or a T1 can carry 1.5 Mbps, in each direction
+ simultaneously.
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/5.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12"></p>
+ <p>
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#B0AFAF" width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD valign="top">
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#669999" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD width="5">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/lab_toplft.gif" width="116" height="23"></TD>
+ <TD><IMG alt="" height="1" width="3" src="../../images/s.gif"></TD><TD align="right" valign="top">
+ <IMG alt="" src="../../images/corner_ur_7.gif" width="7" height="7"></TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#B0AFAF" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD>
+ <TABLE width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <TR>
+ <TD bgcolor="#ffffff" width="15"> </TD>
+ <TD bgcolor="#ffffff"><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000">
+ <p><font color="#808080">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/links_icon.gif" width="25" height="25">
+ <b>Web Links</b></font></p>
+ </font><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#808080">
+
+ <p>Introduction to WAN Technologies<p>
+ <a target="_blank" href="http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/ito_doc/introwan.htm">
+ http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/
+ doc/ cisintwk/ito_doc/ introwan.htm</a></font></p>
+
+ <p>
+ <IMG alt="" height="2" width="1" src="../../images/s.gif"></p>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE><p>
+
+
+ </font>
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+
+</body>
+
+</html>
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+
+<head>
+
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+
+<head>
+
+
+
+<title>Flash Graphic</title>
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" topmargin="1" leftmargin="1">
+<OBJECT classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000"
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+ WIDTH="100%" HEIGHT="100%">
+ <PARAM NAME=movie VALUE="../../flash/ch02/2_1_1.swf"> <PARAM NAME=quality VALUE=high> <PARAM NAME=bgcolor VALUE=#FFFFFF>
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+
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+
+</body>
+
+</html>
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+
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+
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+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
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+
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+ <tr>
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+ <td bgcolor="#336666" align="left" height="48"><a onMouseOver="changeImages('image1', 'image1on'); changeImages('hint', 'image1hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image1', 'image1off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');" href="javascript:openIndex('ch2');">
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+ <td bgcolor="#336666" align="left" height="48"><a onMouseOver="changeImages('image5', 'image5on'); changeImages('hint', 'image5hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image5', 'image5off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');" href="javascript:openQuiz('ch02');">
+ <img name="image5" border="0" src="../../images/quiz_up.gif" width="31" height="48"></a></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" align="left" height="48"><a href="javascript:openGlossary();" onMouseOver="changeImages('image2', 'image2on'); changeImages('hint', 'image2hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image2', 'image2off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');">
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+</table>
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+
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+
+
+
+<title>Content</title>
+<base target="_self">
+</head>
+
+<body background="../../images/bg.gif" topmargin="0" leftmargin="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" onLoad="window.focus();" link="#808080" vlink="#808080" alink="#808080">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="18" valign="top">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/content_lines.gif" width="16" height="25">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="2" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666"><b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">2</font></b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF"><b>.1</b></font></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666"><img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="10" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="100%"><strong>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">WAN Technologies Overview</font></strong></td>
+ <td width="9" bgcolor="#336666"> </td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="18"> </td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25"><b>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">2.1.2</font></b></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999"><img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="10" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="100%"><strong>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">WAN devices</font></strong></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="9"> </td>
+ </tr></table>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="95%" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <tr>
+ <td width="15"></td>
+ <td>
+
+ <font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000">
+ WANs are groups of LANs connected together with communications links
+ from a service provider. Because the communications links cannot plug
+ directly into the LAN, it is necessary to identify the various pieces
+ of interfacing equipment.
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/1.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12"><p>
+ LAN-based computers with data to transmit send data to a router that
+ contains both LAN and WAN interfaces.
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/2.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12">
+ The router will use the Layer 3 address information to deliver the
+ data on the appropriate WAN interface. Routers are active and
+ intelligent network devices and therefore can participate in network
+ management. Routers manage networks by providing dynamic control over
+ resources and supporting the tasks and goals for networks. Some of
+ these goals are connectivity, reliable performance, management
+ control, and flexibility.</p>
+ <p>The communications link needs signals in an appropriate format. For
+ digital lines, a channel service unit (CSU) and a data service
+ unit (DSU) are required. The two are often combined into a single
+ piece of equipment, called the CSU/DSU. The CSU/DSU may also be built
+ into the interface card in the router.
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/3.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12"></p>
+ <p>A modem is needed if the local loop is analog rather than digital.
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/4.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12"> Modems
+ transmit data over voice-grade telephone lines by modulating and
+ demodulating the signal. The digital signals are superimposed on an
+ analog voice signal that is modulated for transmission. The modulated
+ signal can be heard as a series of whistles by turning on the internal
+ modem speaker. At the receiving end the analog signals are returned to
+ their digital form, or demodulated. </p>
+ <p>When ISDN is used as the communications link, all equipment
+ attached to the ISDN bus must be ISDN-compatible. Compatibility is
+ generally built into the computer interface for direct dial
+ connections, or the router interface for LAN to WAN connections.
+ Older equipment without an ISDN interface requires an ISDN
+ terminal adapter (TA) for ISDN compatibility.</p>
+ <p>
+ Communication servers concentrate dial-in user communication and remote access to a LAN. They may have a mixture of analog and
+ digital (ISDN) interfaces and support hundreds of simultaneous users.</p>
+
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#B0AFAF" width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD valign="top">
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#669999" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD width="5">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/lab_toplft.gif" width="116" height="23"></TD>
+ <TD><IMG alt="" height="1" width="3" src="../../images/s.gif"></TD><TD align="right" valign="top">
+ <IMG alt="" src="../../images/corner_ur_7.gif" width="7" height="7"></TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#B0AFAF" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD>
+ <TABLE width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <TR>
+ <TD bgcolor="#ffffff" width="15"> </TD>
+ <TD bgcolor="#ffffff"><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000">
+ <p><font color="#808080">
+ <a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="window.open('../../activities/ch02/activity_2_1_2.html','Interactivity','width=740,height=390,toolbar=0,resizable=yes,scrollbars=0,screenX=26,screenY=38,left=26,top=38');">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/media_icon.gif" width="25" height="25"></a> <b>
+ <a onClick="window.open('../../activities/ch02/activity_2_1_2.html','Interactivity','width=740,height=390,toolbar=0,resizable=yes,scrollbars=0,screenX=26,screenY=38,left=26,top=38');" href="javascript:void(0)">Interactive Media Activity</a></b></font></p>
+ </font><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#808080">
+ <p>Crossword Puzzle: WAN Devices and Interfaces</p>
+ <p>Upon completing this activity, the student
+ will be able to describe devices and interfaces associated with
+ WAN connections.</p>
+ </font><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000">
+ <p><IMG alt="" height="2" width="1" src="../../images/s.gif"></p></TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+
+
+
+
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#B0AFAF" width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD valign="top">
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#669999" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD width="5">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/lab_toplft.gif" width="116" height="23"></TD>
+ <TD><IMG alt="" height="1" width="3" src="../../images/s.gif"></TD><TD align="right" valign="top">
+ <IMG alt="" src="../../images/corner_ur_7.gif" width="7" height="7"></TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#B0AFAF" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD>
+ <TABLE width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <TR>
+ <TD bgcolor="#ffffff" width="15"> </TD>
+ <TD bgcolor="#ffffff"><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000">
+ <p><font color="#808080">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/links_icon.gif" width="25" height="25">
+ <b>Web Links</b></font></p>
+ </font><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#808080">
+
+ <p>WAN<p>
+ <a target="_blank" href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk713/tech_topology_and_network_serv_and_protocol_suite_home.html">
+ http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk713/
+ tech_topology_and_network_ serv_and_protocol_suite_ home.html</a></font></p>
+
+ <p>
+ <IMG alt="" height="2" width="1" src="../../images/s.gif"></p>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE><p>
+
+ <font face="Arial" size="2"> </font>
+ </font>
+
+
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+
+
+</font>
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+
+</body>
+
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_1_2/index.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_1_2/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..82a25be --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_1_2/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +<html>
+
+<head>
+
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+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+
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+
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diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_1_2/media.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_1_2/media.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..19651e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_1_2/media.html @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +<html>
+
+<head>
+
+
+
+<title>Flash Graphic</title>
+</head>
+
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+
+
+
+</body>
+
+</html>
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+
+<head>
+
+
+
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
+
+
+
+<title>New Page 1</title>
+<script language="JavaScript" src="../../javascript/buttons.js"></script>
+
+
+<script language="JavaScript">
+
+<!--
+
+if (document.images) {
+ image1on = new Image();
+ image1on.src = "../../images/index_ov.gif";
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+ image2on.src = "../../images/glossary_ov.gif";
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+ image3on.src = "../../images/back_ov.gif";
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+<body bgcolor="#cccccc" topmargin="0" leftmargin="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0">
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+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" height="48" width="100%" style="border-collapse: collapse" bordercolor="#111111">
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+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="100%" height="48" align="right"><font color="#FFFFFF" size="2" face="Arial"><b> </b></font>
+ <img name="hint" border="0" src="../../images/menu_up.gif" width="136" height="19"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" align="left" height="48"><a onMouseOver="changeImages('image1', 'image1on'); changeImages('hint', 'image1hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image1', 'image1off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');" href="javascript:openIndex('ch2');">
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+ <td bgcolor="#336666" align="left" height="48"><a onMouseOver="changeImages('image5', 'image5on'); changeImages('hint', 'image5hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image5', 'image5off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');" href="javascript:openQuiz('ch02');">
+ <img name="image5" border="0" src="../../images/quiz_up.gif" width="31" height="48"></a></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" align="left" height="48"><a href="javascript:openGlossary();" onMouseOver="changeImages('image2', 'image2on'); changeImages('hint', 'image2hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image2', 'image2off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');">
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+
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+
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+
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+<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+
+
+
+<title>Content</title>
+<base target="_self">
+</head>
+
+<body background="../../images/bg.gif" topmargin="0" leftmargin="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" onLoad="window.focus();" link="#808080" vlink="#808080" alink="#808080">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="18" valign="top">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/content_lines.gif" width="16" height="25">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="2" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666"><b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">2</font></b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF"><b>.1</b></font></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666"><img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="10" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="100%"><strong>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">WAN Technologies Overview</font></strong></td>
+ <td width="9" bgcolor="#336666"> </td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="18"> </td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25"><b>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">2.1.3</font></b></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999"><img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="10" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="100%"><strong>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">WAN standards</font></strong></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="9"> </td>
+ </tr></table>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="95%" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <tr>
+ <td width="15"></td>
+ <td>
+
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">WANs use the OSI reference model, but focus
+ mainly on Layer 1 and Layer 2. WAN standards typically
+ describe both physical layer delivery methods and data link layer
+ requirements, including physical addressing, flow control, and encapsulation.
+ WAN standards are defined and managed by a number of recognized
+ authorities.
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/1.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12"></font><p>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">The physical layer protocols describe how
+ to provide electrical, mechanical, operational, and functional
+ connections to the services provided by a communications service
+ provider. Some of the common physical layer standards are listed in
+ Figure
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/2.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12">, and their
+ connectors illustrated in Figure
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/3.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12">.</font></p>
+ <p><font face="Arial" size="2">The data link layer protocols define how
+ data is encapsulated for transmission to remote sites, and the
+ mechanisms for transferring the resulting frames. A variety of
+ different technologies are used, such as ISDN, Frame Relay or
+ Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM). These
+ protocols use the same basic framing mechanism, high-level data link
+ control (HDLC), an ISO standard, or one of its sub-sets or variants.
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/4.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12"></font></p>
+
+
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#B0AFAF" width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD valign="top">
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#669999" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD width="5">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/lab_toplft.gif" width="116" height="23"></TD>
+ <TD><IMG alt="" height="1" width="3" src="../../images/s.gif"></TD><TD align="right" valign="top">
+ <IMG alt="" src="../../images/corner_ur_7.gif" width="7" height="7"></TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#B0AFAF" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD>
+ <TABLE width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <TR>
+ <TD bgcolor="#ffffff" width="15"> </TD>
+ <TD bgcolor="#ffffff"><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000">
+ <p><font color="#808080">
+ <a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="window.open('../../activities/ch02/activity_2_1_3.html','Interactivity','width=740,height=390,toolbar=0,resizable=yes,scrollbars=0,screenX=26,screenY=38,left=26,top=38');">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/media_icon.gif" width="25" height="25"></a> <b>
+ <a onClick="window.open('../../activities/ch02/activity_2_1_3.html','Interactivity','width=740,height=390,toolbar=0,resizable=yes,scrollbars=0,screenX=26,screenY=38,left=26,top=38');" href="javascript:void(0)">Interactive Media Activity</a></b></font></p>
+ </font><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#808080">
+ <p>Crossword Puzzle:
+ WAN Standards</p>
+ <p><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#808080">
+ Upon completing this activity, the student
+ will be able to identify various WAN standards.</font></p>
+ </font><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000">
+ <p><IMG alt="" height="2" width="1" src="../../images/s.gif"></p></TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+
+
+
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#B0AFAF" width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD valign="top">
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#669999" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD width="5">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/lab_toplft.gif" width="116" height="23"></TD>
+ <TD><IMG alt="" height="1" width="3" src="../../images/s.gif"></TD><TD align="right" valign="top">
+ <IMG alt="" src="../../images/corner_ur_7.gif" width="7" height="7"></TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#B0AFAF" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD>
+ <TABLE width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <TR>
+ <TD bgcolor="#ffffff" width="15"> </TD>
+ <TD bgcolor="#ffffff"><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000">
+ <p><font color="#808080">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/links_icon.gif" width="25" height="25">
+ <b>Web Links</b></font></p>
+ </font><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#808080">
+
+ <p>WAN<p>
+ <a target="_blank" href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk713/tech_topology_and_network_serv_and_protocol_suite_home.html">
+ http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk713/
+ tech_topology_and_network_ serv_and_protocol_suite_ home.html</a></font></p>
+
+ <p>
+ <IMG alt="" height="2" width="1" src="../../images/s.gif"></p>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE><p>
+
+ <font face="Arial" size="2"> </font>
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+
+</body>
+
+</html>
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+
+<head>
+
+<title>Cisco Global Learning Network</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
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+
+<head>
+
+
+
+<title>Flash Graphic</title>
+</head>
+
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+
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+
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+ <td bgcolor="#336666" align="left" height="48"><a onMouseOver="changeImages('image5', 'image5on'); changeImages('hint', 'image5hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image5', 'image5off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');" href="javascript:openQuiz('ch02');">
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+
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+ <img name="image4" border="0" src="../../images/next_up.gif" width="30" height="48"></a></td>
+ <td height="48"><img border="0" src="../../images/menu_bar.gif" width="15" height="48"></td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+</html>
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+
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+
+
+
+<title>Content</title>
+<base target="_self">
+</head>
+
+<body background="../../images/bg.gif" topmargin="0" leftmargin="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" onLoad="window.focus();" link="#808080" vlink="#808080" alink="#808080">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="18" valign="top">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/content_lines.gif" width="16" height="25">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="2" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666"><b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">2</font></b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF"><b>.1</b></font></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666"><img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="10" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="100%"><strong>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">WAN Technologies Overview</font></strong></td>
+ <td width="9" bgcolor="#336666"> </td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="18"> </td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25"><b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">
+ 2.1.4</font></b></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999"><img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="10" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="100%">
+ <b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">WAN encapsulation</font></b></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="9"> </td>
+ </tr></table>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="95%" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <tr>
+ <td width="15"></td>
+ <td>
+
+ <font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2">
+ Data from the network layer is passed to the data link layer for
+ delivery on a physical link, which is normally point-to-point on a WAN
+ connection. The data link layer builds a
+ frame around the network layer data so the necessary checks and
+ controls can be applied. Each WAN connection type uses a Layer 2
+ protocol to encapsulate traffic while it is crossing the WAN link. To
+ ensure that the correct encapsulation protocol is used, the Layer 2
+ encapsulation type used for each router serial interface must be
+ configured. The choice of encapsulation protocols depends on the WAN
+ technology and the equipment. Most framing is based on the HDLC
+ standard.<p>HDLC framing gives reliable delivery of data over
+ unreliable lines and includes signal mechanisms for flow and error
+ control.
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/1.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12"> The frame
+ always starts and ends with an 8-bit flag field, the bit pattern
+ 01111110. Because there is a likelihood that this
+ pattern will occur in the actual data, the sending HDLC system always
+ inserts a 0 bit after every five 1s in the data field, so in practice
+ the flag sequence can only occur at the frame ends. The receiving
+ system strips out the inserted bits. When frames are transmitted
+ consecutively the end flag of the first frame is used as the start
+ flag of the next frame. </p>
+ <p>The address field is not needed for WAN links, which are almost
+ always point-to-point. The address field is still present and
+ may be one or two bytes long. The control field indicates the frame
+ type, which may be information, supervisory, or unnumbered:</p>
+ <ul>
+ <li>Unnumbered frames carry line setup messages.</li>
+ <li>Information frames carry network layer data.</li>
+ <li>Supervisory frames control the flow of information frames and
+ request data retransmission in the event of an error.</li>
+ </ul>
+ <p>The control field is normally one byte, but will be two bytes for
+ extended sliding windows systems. Together the address and control
+ fields are called the frame header. The encapsulated data follows the
+ control field. Then a frame check sequence (FCS) uses the
+ cyclic redundancy check (CRC) mechanism to establish a two or four
+ byte field.</p>
+ <p>Several data link protocols are used, including sub-sets and
+ proprietary versions of HDLC.
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/2.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12"> Both PPP
+ and the Cisco version of HDLC have an extra field in the header to identify the network layer protocol of the encapsulated
+ data.
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/3.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12"></p>
+ <p>
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#B0AFAF" width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD valign="top">
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#669999" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD width="5">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/lab_toplft.gif" width="116" height="23"></TD>
+ <TD><IMG alt="" height="1" width="3" src="../../images/s.gif"></TD><TD align="right" valign="top">
+ <IMG alt="" src="../../images/corner_ur_7.gif" width="7" height="7"></TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#B0AFAF" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD>
+ <TABLE width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <TR>
+ <TD bgcolor="#ffffff" width="15"> </TD>
+ <TD bgcolor="#ffffff"><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000">
+ <p><font color="#808080">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/links_icon.gif" width="25" height="25">
+ <b>Web Links</b></font></p>
+ </font><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#808080">
+
+ <p>WAN<p>
+ <a target="_blank" href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk713/tech_topology_and_network_serv_and_protocol_suite_home.html">
+ http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk713/
+ tech_topology_and_ network_serv_and_
+ protocol_suite_ home.html</a></font></p>
+
+ <p>
+ <IMG alt="" height="2" width="1" src="../../images/s.gif"></p>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE><p>
+
+
+
+ </font>
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+
+</body>
+
+</html>
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+
+<head>
+
+<title>Cisco Global Learning Network</title>
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+
+<head>
+
+
+
+<title>Flash Graphic</title>
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" topmargin="1" leftmargin="1">
+<OBJECT classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000"
+ codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,0,0"
+ WIDTH="100%" HEIGHT="100%">
+ <PARAM NAME=movie VALUE="../../flash/ch02/2_1_4.swf"> <PARAM NAME=quality VALUE=high> <PARAM NAME=bgcolor VALUE=#FFFFFF>
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+
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+</body>
+
+</html>
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+
+
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
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\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_1_5/content.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_1_5/content.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d79bb1b --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_1_5/content.html @@ -0,0 +1,157 @@ +<html>
+
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+
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+<title>Content</title>
+<base target="_self">
+</head>
+
+<body background="../../images/bg.gif" topmargin="0" leftmargin="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" onLoad="window.focus();" link="#808080" vlink="#808080" alink="#808080">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="18" valign="top">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/content_lines.gif" width="16" height="25">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="2" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666"><b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">2</font></b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF"><b>.1</b></font></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666"><img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="10" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="100%"><strong>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">WAN Technologies Overview</font></strong></td>
+ <td width="9" bgcolor="#336666"> </td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="18"> </td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25"><b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">
+ 2.1.5</font></b></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999"><img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="10" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="100%"><strong>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">Packet and circuit switching
+ </font></strong></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="9"> </td>
+ </tr></table>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="95%" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <tr>
+ <td width="15"></td>
+ <td>
+
+ <font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2">
+ Packet-switched networks were developed to overcome the expense of
+ public circuit-switched networks and to provide a more cost-effective
+ WAN technology.<p>When a subscriber makes a telephone call, the dialed
+ number is used to set switches in the exchanges along the route of the
+ call so that there is a continuous circuit from the originating caller
+ to that of the called party. Because of the switching operation
+ used to establish the circuit, the telephone system is called a
+ circuit-switched network. If the telephones are replaced with modems,
+ then the switched circuit is able to carry computer data.
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/1.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12"></p>
+ <p>The internal path taken by the circuit between exchanges is shared
+ by a number of conversations. Time division multiplexing (TDM) is
+ used to give each conversation a share of the connection in turn. TDM
+ assures that a fixed capacity connection is made available to the
+ subscriber. </p>
+ <p>If the circuit carries computer data, the usage of this
+ fixed capacity may not be efficient. For example, if the circuit is
+ used to access the Internet, there will be a burst of activity on the
+ circuit while a web page is transferred. This could be followed by no
+ activity while the user reads the page and then another burst of
+ activity while the next page is transferred. This variation in usage
+ between none and maximum is typical of computer network traffic.
+ Because the subscriber has sole use of the fixed capacity allocation,
+ switched circuits are generally an expensive way of moving data.</p>
+ <p>An alternative is to allocate the capacity to the traffic only when
+ it is needed, and share the available capacity between many users.
+ With a circuit-switched connection, the data bits put on the circuit
+ are automatically delivered to the far end because the circuit is
+ already established. If the circuit is to be shared, there must be
+ some mechanism to label the bits so that the system knows where to
+ deliver them. It is difficult to label individual bits, therefore they
+ are gathered into groups called cells, frames, or packets.
+ The packet passes from exchange to exchange for delivery through the
+ provider network. Networks that implement
+ this system are called packet-switched networks.
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/2.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12"></p>
+ <p>The links that connect the switches in the provider network belong
+ to an individual subscriber during data transfer, therefore many
+ subscribers can share the link. Costs can be significantly lower
+ than a dedicated circuit-switched connection. Data on packet-switched
+ networks are subject to unpredictable delays when individual packets
+ wait for other subscriber packets to be transmitted by a switch.</p>
+ <p>The switches in a packet-switched network determine, from
+ addressing information in each packet, which link the packet must be
+ sent on next. There are two approaches to this link
+ determination, connectionless or connection-oriented. Connectionless
+ systems, such as the Internet, carry full addressing information in
+ each packet. Each switch must evaluate the address to
+ determine where to send the packet. Connection-oriented systems
+ predetermine the route for a packet, and each packet need only carry
+ an identifier. In the case of Frame Relay, these are called Data Link
+ Control Identifiers (DLCI). The switch determines the onward route by
+ looking up the identifier in tables held in memory. The set of entries
+ in the tables identifies a particular route or circuit through the
+ system. If this circuit is only physically in existence while a packet
+ is traveling through it, it is called a Virtual Circuit (VC).</p>
+ <p>The table entries that constitute a VC can be established by
+ sending a connection request through the network. In this case the
+ resulting circuit is called a Switched Virtual Circuit (SVC). Data
+ that is to travel on SVCs must wait until the table entries have been
+ set up. Once established, the SVC may be in operation for hours, days
+ or weeks. Where a circuit is required to be always available, a
+ Permanent Virtual Circuit (PVC) will be established. Table entries are
+ loaded by the switches at boot time so the PVC is always available.</p>
+ <p>
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#B0AFAF" width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD valign="top">
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#669999" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD width="5">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/lab_toplft.gif" width="116" height="23"></TD>
+ <TD><IMG alt="" height="1" width="3" src="../../images/s.gif"></TD><TD align="right" valign="top">
+ <IMG alt="" src="../../images/corner_ur_7.gif" width="7" height="7"></TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#B0AFAF" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD>
+ <TABLE width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <TR>
+ <TD bgcolor="#ffffff" width="15"> </TD>
+ <TD bgcolor="#ffffff"><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000">
+ <p><font color="#808080">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/links_icon.gif" width="25" height="25">
+ <b>Web Links</b></font></p>
+ </font><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#808080">
+
+ <p>Packet vs Circuit Switching<p>
+ <a target="_blank" href="http://www.cina.org/ac051599/sld011.htm">
+ http://www.cina.org/ac051599/sld011.htm</a></font></p>
+
+ <p>
+ <IMG alt="" height="2" width="1" src="../../images/s.gif"></p>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE><p>
+
+
+
+ </font>
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+
+</body>
+
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_1_5/index.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_1_5/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..82a25be --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_1_5/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +<html>
+
+<head>
+
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+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
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diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_1_5/media.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_1_5/media.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..24ccdd5 --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_1_5/media.html @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +<html>
+
+<head>
+
+
+
+<title>Flash Graphic</title>
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" topmargin="1" leftmargin="1">
+<OBJECT classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000"
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+
+
+
+</body>
+
+</html>
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+
+
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
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+ for (var i=0; i<changeImages.arguments.length; i+=2) {
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+<body bgcolor="#cccccc" topmargin="0" leftmargin="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0">
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+
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" valign="middle" align="left" height="48">
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+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="100%" valign="middle" height="48">
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+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+</html>
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+
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+
+
+
+<title>Content</title>
+<base target="_self">
+</head>
+
+<body background="../../images/bg.gif" topmargin="0" leftmargin="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" onLoad="window.focus();" link="#808080" vlink="#808080" alink="#808080">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="18" valign="top">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/content_lines.gif" width="16" height="25">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="2" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666"><b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">2</font></b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF"><b>.1</b></font></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666"><img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="10" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="100%"><strong>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">WAN Technologies Overview</font></strong></td>
+ <td width="9" bgcolor="#336666"> </td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="18"> </td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25"><b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">
+ 2.1.6</font></b></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999"><img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="10" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="100%"><b>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">WAN link options</font></b></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="9"> </td>
+ </tr></table>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="95%" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <tr>
+ <td width="15"></td>
+ <td>
+
+ <font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2">
+ Figure <img border="0" src="../../images/1.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12">
+ provides an overview of WAN link options.
+ <p>Circuit switching establishes a dedicated physical connection for voice
+ or data between a sender and receiver. Before communication can start, it
+ is necessary to establish the connection by setting the switches. This
+ is done by the telephone system, using the dialed number. ISDN is used
+ on digital lines as well as on voice-grade lines. If the local loop is
+ not directly connected to the telephone system, a digital subscriber
+ line (DSL) may be available.</p>
+ <p>To avoid the delays associated with setting up a connection,
+ telephone service providers also offer permanent circuits. These
+ dedicated or leased lines offer higher bandwidth than is available
+ with a switched circuit. Examples of circuit-switched connections
+ include:</p>
+ <ul>
+ <li>Plain Old Telephone System (POTS)</li>
+ <li>ISDN Basic Rate Interface (BRI)</li>
+ <li>ISDN Primary Rate Interface (PRI)</li>
+ </ul>
+ <p>Many WAN users do not make efficient use of the fixed bandwidth
+ that is available with dedicated, switched, or permanent circuits, because the data flow
+ fluctuates. Communications providers have data networks available to
+ more appropriately service these users. In these networks, the data is transmitted in labeled
+ cells, frames, or packets through a packet-switched network. Because
+ the internal links between the switches are shared between many users,
+ the costs of packet switching are lower than those of circuit
+ switching. Delays (latency) and variability of delay (jitter) are
+ greater in packet-switched than in circuit-switched networks. This is
+ because the links are shared and packets must be entirely received at
+ one switch before moving to the next. Despite the latency and jitter
+ inherent in shared networks, modern technology allows satisfactory
+ transport of voice and even video communications on these networks.</p>
+ <p>Packet-switched networks may establish routes through the switches
+ for particular end-to-end connections. Routes established when the
+ switches are started are PVCs. Routes established on demand are SVCs. If the routing is not
+ pre-established and is worked out by each switch for each packet, the
+ network is called connectionless.</p>
+ <p>To connect to a packet-switched network, a subscriber needs a local
+ loop to the nearest location where the provider makes the service
+ available. This is called the point-of-presence (POP) of the service.
+ Normally this will be a dedicated leased line. This line will be much
+ shorter than a leased line directly connected to
+ the subscriber locations, and often carries several VCs.
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/2.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12"> Since it
+ is likely that not all the VCs will require maximum demand
+ simultaneously, the capacity of the leased line can be smaller than
+ the sum of the individual VCs. Examples of packet or cell switched
+ connections include:</p>
+ <ul>
+ <li>Frame Relay</li>
+ <li>X.25</li>
+ <li>ATM</li>
+ </ul>
+ <p>
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#B0AFAF" width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD valign="top">
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#669999" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD width="5">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/lab_toplft.gif" width="116" height="23"></TD>
+ <TD><IMG alt="" height="1" width="3" src="../../images/s.gif"></TD><TD align="right" valign="top">
+ <IMG alt="" src="../../images/corner_ur_7.gif" width="7" height="7"></TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#B0AFAF" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD>
+ <TABLE width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <TR>
+ <TD bgcolor="#ffffff" width="15"> </TD>
+ <TD bgcolor="#ffffff"><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000">
+ <p><font color="#808080">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/links_icon.gif" width="25" height="25">
+ <b>Web Links</b></font></p>
+ </font><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#808080">
+
+ <p>WAN<p>
+ <a target="_blank" href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk713/tech_topology_and_network_serv_and_protocol_suite_home.html">
+ http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/ tk713/
+ tech_topology_and_ network_serv_and_
+ protocol_suite_ home.html</a></font></p>
+
+ <p>
+ <IMG alt="" height="2" width="1" src="../../images/s.gif"></p>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE><p>
+
+
+
+ </font>
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+
+</body>
+
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_1_6/index.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_1_6/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..82a25be --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_1_6/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +<html>
+
+<head>
+
+<title>Cisco Global Learning Network</title>
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+
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+
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+
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+ </noframes>
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+
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diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_1_6/media.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_1_6/media.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8677acd --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_1_6/media.html @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +<html>
+
+<head>
+
+
+
+<title>Flash Graphic</title>
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" topmargin="1" leftmargin="1">
+<OBJECT classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000"
+ codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,0,0"
+ WIDTH="100%" HEIGHT="100%">
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+
+
+
+</body>
+
+</html>
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+
+<head>
+
+
+
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
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+ image3on.src = "../../images/back_ov.gif";
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+ image5hint.src = "../../images/menu_quiz.gif";
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+ imageHint.src = "../../images/menu_up.gif";
+}
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+function changeImages() {
+ if (document.images) {
+ for (var i=0; i<changeImages.arguments.length; i+=2) {
+ document[changeImages.arguments[i]].src = eval(changeImages.arguments[i+1] + ".src");
+ }
+ }
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+</script>
+
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+
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+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#cccccc" topmargin="0" leftmargin="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" height="48" width="100%" style="border-collapse: collapse" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="100%" height="48" align="right"><font color="#FFFFFF" size="2" face="Arial"><b> </b></font>
+ <img name="hint" border="0" src="../../images/menu_up.gif" width="136" height="19"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" align="left" height="48"><a onMouseOver="changeImages('image1', 'image1on'); changeImages('hint', 'image1hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image1', 'image1off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');" href="javascript:openIndex('ch2');">
+ <img name="image1" border="0" src="../../images/index_up.gif" width="31" height="48"></a></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" align="left" height="48"><a onMouseOver="changeImages('image5', 'image5on'); changeImages('hint', 'image5hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image5', 'image5off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');" href="javascript:openQuiz('ch02');">
+ <img name="image5" border="0" src="../../images/quiz_up.gif" width="31" height="48"></a></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" align="left" height="48"><a href="javascript:openGlossary();" onMouseOver="changeImages('image2', 'image2on'); changeImages('hint', 'image2hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image2', 'image2off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');">
+ <img name="image2" border="0" src="../../images/glossary_up.gif" width="31" height="48"></a></td>
+
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" valign="middle" align="left" height="48">
+ <a target="main" onMouseOver="changeImages('image3', 'image3on'); changeImages('hint', 'image3hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image3', 'image3off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');" href="../2_1_6/index.html">
+ <img name="image3" border="0" src="../../images/back_up.gif" width="30" height="48"></a></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="100%" valign="middle" height="48">
+ <a target="main" onMouseOver="changeImages('image4', 'image4on'); changeImages('hint', 'image4hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image4', 'image4off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');" href="../2_2_2/index.html">
+ <img name="image4" border="0" src="../../images/next_up.gif" width="30" height="48"></a></td>
+ <td height="48"><img border="0" src="../../images/menu_bar.gif" width="15" height="48"></td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+</html>
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+
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+
+
+
+<title>Content</title>
+<base target="_self">
+</head>
+
+<body background="../../images/bg.gif" topmargin="0" leftmargin="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" onLoad="window.focus();" link="#808080" vlink="#808080" alink="#808080">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="18" valign="top">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/content_lines.gif" width="16" height="25">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="2" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666"><b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">2.2</font></b></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666"><img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="10" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="100%">
+ <strong><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">WAN Technologies</font></strong></td>
+ <td width="9" bgcolor="#336666"> </td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="18"> </td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25"><b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">
+ 2.2.1</font></b></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999"><img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="10" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="100%"><strong>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">Analog dialup</font></strong></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="9"> </td>
+ </tr></table>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="95%" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <tr>
+ <td width="15"></td>
+ <td>
+
+ <font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2">
+ When intermittent, low-volume data transfers are needed, modems and
+ analog dialed telephone lines provide low capacity and dedicated
+ switched connections.
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/1.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12"></font><p>
+
+ <font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2">
+ Traditional telephony uses a copper cable, called the local loop, to
+ connect the telephone handset in the subscriber premises to the public
+ switched telephone network (PSTN). The signal on the local loop during
+ a call is a continuously varying electronic signal that is a
+ translation of the subscriber voice.</font></p>
+ <p>
+
+ <font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2">
+ The local loop is not suitable for direct transport of binary computer
+ data, but a modem can send computer data through the voice telephone
+ network. The modem modulates the binary data into an analog signal at
+ the source and demodulates the analog signal at the destination to
+ binary data.</font></p>
+ <p>
+
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">The physical characteristics of the local
+ loop and its connection to the PSTN limit the rate of the signal. The upper limit is
+ around 33 kbps. The rate can be increased to around 56 kbps if the
+ signal is coming directly through a digital connection.</font></p>
+ <p>
+
+ <font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2">
+ For small businesses, this can be adequate for the exchange of sales
+ figures, prices, routine reports, and email. Using automatic dialup at
+ night or on weekends for large file transfers and data backup can take
+ advantage of lower off-peak tariffs (line charges). Tariffs are based
+ on the distance between the endpoints, time of day, and the duration
+ of the call.</font></p>
+ <p>
+
+ <font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2">
+ The advantages of modem and analog lines are simplicity, availability,
+ and low implementation cost. The disadvantages are the low data rates
+ and a relatively long connection time. The dedicated circuit provided
+ by dialup will have little delay or jitter for point-to-point
+ traffic, but voice or video traffic will not operate adequately at
+ relatively low bit rates.</font></p>
+ <p>
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#B0AFAF" width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD valign="top">
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#669999" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD width="5">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/lab_toplft.gif" width="116" height="23"></TD>
+ <TD><IMG alt="" height="1" width="3" src="../../images/s.gif"></TD><TD align="right" valign="top">
+ <IMG alt="" src="../../images/corner_ur_7.gif" width="7" height="7"></TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#B0AFAF" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD>
+ <TABLE width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <TR>
+ <TD bgcolor="#ffffff" width="15"> </TD>
+ <TD bgcolor="#ffffff"><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000">
+ <p><font color="#808080">
+ <a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="window.open('../../activities/ch02/activity_2_2_1.html','Interactivity','width=740,height=390,toolbar=0,resizable=yes,scrollbars=0,screenX=26,screenY=38,left=26,top=38');">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/media_icon.gif" width="25" height="25"></a> <b>
+ <a onClick="window.open('../../activities/ch02/activity_2_2_1.html','Interactivity','width=740,height=390,toolbar=0,resizable=yes,scrollbars=0,screenX=26,screenY=38,left=26,top=38');" href="javascript:void(0)">Interactive Media Activity</a></b></font></p>
+ </font><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#808080">
+ <p>Checkbox: WAN Technologies Analog Dialup</p>
+ <p>Upon completing this activity, the student
+ will be able to identify the characteristics associated with an
+ analog dialup circuit.</p>
+ </font><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000">
+ <p><IMG alt="" height="2" width="1" src="../../images/s.gif"></p></TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+
+
+
+
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#B0AFAF" width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD valign="top">
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#669999" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD width="5">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/lab_toplft.gif" width="116" height="23"></TD>
+ <TD><IMG alt="" height="1" width="3" src="../../images/s.gif"></TD><TD align="right" valign="top">
+ <IMG alt="" src="../../images/corner_ur_7.gif" width="7" height="7"></TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#B0AFAF" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD>
+ <TABLE width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <TR>
+ <TD bgcolor="#ffffff" width="15"> </TD>
+ <TD bgcolor="#ffffff"><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000">
+ <p><font color="#808080">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/links_icon.gif" width="25" height="25">
+ <b>Web Links</b></font></p>
+ </font><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#808080">
+
+ <p>Dialup Technologies<p>
+ <a target="_blank" href="http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/ito_doc/dialup.htm">
+ http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/
+ td/doc/cisintwk/ito_doc/ dialup.htm</a></font></p>
+
+ <p>
+ <IMG alt="" height="2" width="1" src="../../images/s.gif"></p>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE><p>
+
+ <font face="Arial" size="2"> </font>
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+
+</body>
+
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_1/index.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_1/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..82a25be --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_1/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +<html>
+
+<head>
+
+<title>Cisco Global Learning Network</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+
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+
+<frameset cols="490,301" framespacing="0" border="0" frameborder="0" marginheight=0 marginwidth=0 topmargin=0 leftmargin=0>
+ <frameset rows="100%,48">
+ <frame name="graphics" scrolling="no" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" src="media.html">
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+ <frame name="navigation" scrolling="no" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" noresize src="buttons.html" target="self">
+ </frameset>
+
+ <noframes>
+ <body>
+
+ <p>This page uses frames, but your browser doesn't support them.</p>
+
+ </body>
+ </noframes>
+</frameset>
+
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diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_1/media.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_1/media.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..24058ab --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_1/media.html @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +<html>
+
+<head>
+
+
+
+<title>Flash Graphic</title>
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" topmargin="1" leftmargin="1">
+<OBJECT classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000"
+ codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,0,0"
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+ <PARAM NAME=movie VALUE="../../flash/ch02/2_2_1.swf"> <PARAM NAME=quality VALUE=high> <PARAM NAME=bgcolor VALUE=#FFFFFF>
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+
+
+
+</body>
+
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_2/buttons.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_2/buttons.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d95c9af --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_2/buttons.html @@ -0,0 +1,110 @@ +<html>
+
+<head>
+
+
+
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
+
+
+
+<title>New Page 1</title>
+<script language="JavaScript" src="../../javascript/buttons.js"></script>
+
+
+<script language="JavaScript">
+
+<!--
+
+if (document.images) {
+ image1on = new Image();
+ image1on.src = "../../images/index_ov.gif";
+
+ image2on = new Image();
+ image2on.src = "../../images/glossary_ov.gif";
+
+ image3on = new Image();
+ image3on.src = "../../images/back_ov.gif";
+
+ image4on = new Image();
+ image4on.src = "../../images/next_ov.gif";
+
+ image5on = new Image();
+ image5on.src = "../../images/quiz_ov.gif";
+
+ image1off = new Image();
+ image1off.src = "../../images/index_up.gif";
+
+ image2off = new Image();
+ image2off.src = "../../images/glossary_up.gif";
+
+ image3off = new Image();
+ image3off.src = "../../images/back_up.gif";
+
+ image4off = new Image();
+ image4off.src = "../../images/next_up.gif";
+
+ image5off = new Image();
+ image5off.src = "../../images/quiz_up.gif";
+
+ image1hint = new Image();
+ image1hint.src = "../../images/menu_index.gif";
+
+ image2hint = new Image();
+ image2hint.src = "../../images/menu_glossary.gif";
+
+ image3hint = new Image();
+ image3hint.src = "../../images/menu_back.gif";
+
+ image4hint = new Image();
+ image4hint.src = "../../images/menu_next.gif";
+
+ image5hint = new Image();
+ image5hint.src = "../../images/menu_quiz.gif";
+
+ imageHint = new Image();
+ imageHint.src = "../../images/menu_up.gif";
+}
+
+function changeImages() {
+ if (document.images) {
+ for (var i=0; i<changeImages.arguments.length; i+=2) {
+ document[changeImages.arguments[i]].src = eval(changeImages.arguments[i+1] + ".src");
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+// -->
+</script>
+
+
+<base target="_self">
+
+
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#cccccc" topmargin="0" leftmargin="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" height="48" width="100%" style="border-collapse: collapse" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="100%" height="48" align="right"><font color="#FFFFFF" size="2" face="Arial"><b> </b></font>
+ <img name="hint" border="0" src="../../images/menu_up.gif" width="136" height="19"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" align="left" height="48"><a onMouseOver="changeImages('image1', 'image1on'); changeImages('hint', 'image1hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image1', 'image1off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');" href="javascript:openIndex('ch2');">
+ <img name="image1" border="0" src="../../images/index_up.gif" width="31" height="48"></a></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" align="left" height="48"><a onMouseOver="changeImages('image5', 'image5on'); changeImages('hint', 'image5hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image5', 'image5off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');" href="javascript:openQuiz('ch02');">
+ <img name="image5" border="0" src="../../images/quiz_up.gif" width="31" height="48"></a></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" align="left" height="48"><a href="javascript:openGlossary();" onMouseOver="changeImages('image2', 'image2on'); changeImages('hint', 'image2hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image2', 'image2off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');">
+ <img name="image2" border="0" src="../../images/glossary_up.gif" width="31" height="48"></a></td>
+
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" valign="middle" align="left" height="48">
+ <a target="main" onMouseOver="changeImages('image3', 'image3on'); changeImages('hint', 'image3hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image3', 'image3off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');" href="../2_2_1/index.html">
+ <img name="image3" border="0" src="../../images/back_up.gif" width="30" height="48"></a></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="100%" valign="middle" height="48">
+ <a target="main" onMouseOver="changeImages('image4', 'image4on'); changeImages('hint', 'image4hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image4', 'image4off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');" href="../2_2_3/index.html">
+ <img name="image4" border="0" src="../../images/next_up.gif" width="30" height="48"></a></td>
+ <td height="48"><img border="0" src="../../images/menu_bar.gif" width="15" height="48"></td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_2/content.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_2/content.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2aab77a --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_2/content.html @@ -0,0 +1,181 @@ +<html>
+
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+
+
+
+<title>Content</title>
+<base target="_self">
+<style>
+<!--
+span.msoIns
+ {mso-style-name:"";
+ text-decoration:underline;
+ text-underline:single;
+ color:teal}
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+
+<body background="../../images/bg.gif" topmargin="0" leftmargin="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" onLoad="window.focus();" link="#808080" vlink="#808080" alink="#808080">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="18" valign="top">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/content_lines.gif" width="16" height="25">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="2" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666"><b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">2.2</font></b></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666"><img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="10" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="100%">
+ <strong><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">WAN Technologies</font></strong></td>
+ <td width="9" bgcolor="#336666"> </td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="18"> </td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25"><b>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">2.2.2</font></b></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999"><img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="10" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="100%"><b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">
+ <strong>ISDN</strong>
+ </font></b></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="9"> </td>
+ </tr></table>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="95%" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <tr>
+ <td width="15"></td>
+ <td>
+
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">The internal connections, or trunks, of
+ the PSTN have changed from carrying analog frequency-division
+ multiplexed signals, to time-division multiplexed (TDM) digital
+ signals. An obvious next step
+ is to enable the local loop to carry digital signals that result in
+ higher capacity switched connections.
+ <p>Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) turns the local loop into a
+ TDM digital connection. The connection uses 64 kbps bearer channels
+ (B) for carrying voice or data and a signaling, delta channel (D) for
+ call set-up and other purposes.
+ <p>Basic Rate Interface (BRI) ISDN is intended for the home and small
+ enterprise and provides two 64 kbps B channels and a 16 kbps D
+ channel. For larger installations, Primary Rate Interface (PRI) ISDN
+ is available. PRI delivers twenty-three 64 kbps B channels and one 64
+ kbps D
+ channel in North America, for a total bit rate of up to 1.544 Mbps.
+ This includes some additional overhead for synchronization. In Europe,
+ Australia, and other parts of the world, ISDN PRI provides thirty B
+ channels and one D channel for a total bit rate of up to 2.048 Mbps,
+ including synchronization overhead.
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/1.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12"> In North
+ America PRI corresponds to a T1 connection. The rate of international
+ PRI corresponds to an E1 connection.<p>The BRI D channel is
+ underutilized, as it has only two B channels to control. Some
+ providers allow the D channel to carry data at low bit rates such as
+ X.25 connections at 9.6 kbps.<p>For small WANs, the BRI ISDN can provide an ideal connection
+ mechanism. BRI has a call setup time that is less than a second, and
+ its 64 kbps B channel provide greater capacity than an analog modem
+ link.
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/2.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12"> If greater capacity is required, a second
+ B channel can be
+ activated to provide a total of 128 kbps. Although inadequate for video, this
+ would permit several simultaneous voice conversations in addition to
+ data traffic.<p>Another common application of ISDN is to provide additional capacity
+ as needed on a leased line connection. The leased line is sized to
+ carry average traffic loads while ISDN is added during peak demand
+ periods. ISDN is also used as a backup in the case of a failure of the
+ leased line. ISDN tariffs are based on a per-B channel basis and are
+ similar to those of analog voice connections.<p>With PRI ISDN, multiple B channels can be connected between two end
+ points. This allows for video conferencing and high bandwidth data
+ connections with no latency or jitter. Multiple connections can become
+ very expensive over long distances.</p>
+
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#B0AFAF" width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD valign="top">
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#669999" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD width="5">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/lab_toplft.gif" width="116" height="23"></TD>
+ <TD><IMG alt="" height="1" width="3" src="../../images/s.gif"></TD><TD align="right" valign="top">
+ <IMG alt="" src="../../images/corner_ur_7.gif" width="7" height="7"></TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#B0AFAF" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD>
+ <TABLE width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <TR>
+ <TD bgcolor="#ffffff" width="15"> </TD>
+ <TD bgcolor="#ffffff"><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000">
+ <p><font color="#808080">
+ <a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="window.open('../../activities/ch02/activity_2_2_2.html','Interactivity','width=740,height=390,toolbar=0,resizable=yes,scrollbars=0,screenX=26,screenY=38,left=26,top=38');">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/media_icon.gif" width="25" height="25"></a> <b>
+ <a onClick="window.open('../../activities/ch02/activity_2_2_2.html','Interactivity','width=740,height=390,toolbar=0,resizable=yes,scrollbars=0,screenX=26,screenY=38,left=26,top=38');" href="javascript:void(0)">Interactive Media Activity</a></b></font></p>
+ </font><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#808080">
+ <p>Checkbox: WAN Technologies ISDN Dialup</p>
+ <p>Upon completing this activity, the student
+ will be able to identify the characteristics associated with an
+ ISDN dialup circuit.</p>
+ </font><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000">
+ <p><IMG alt="" height="2" width="1" src="../../images/s.gif"></p></TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+
+
+
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#B0AFAF" width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD valign="top">
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#669999" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD width="5">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/lab_toplft.gif" width="116" height="23"></TD>
+ <TD><IMG alt="" height="1" width="3" src="../../images/s.gif"></TD><TD align="right" valign="top">
+ <IMG alt="" src="../../images/corner_ur_7.gif" width="7" height="7"></TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#B0AFAF" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD>
+ <TABLE width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <TR>
+ <TD bgcolor="#ffffff" width="15"> </TD>
+ <TD bgcolor="#ffffff"><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000">
+ <p><font color="#808080">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/links_icon.gif" width="25" height="25">
+ <b>Web Links</b></font></p>
+ </font><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#808080">
+
+ <p>Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)<p>
+ <a target="_blank" href="http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/ito_doc/isdn.htm">
+ http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/ cisintwk/ito_doc/isdn.htm</a></font></p>
+
+ <p>
+ <IMG alt="" height="2" width="1" src="../../images/s.gif"></p>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE><p>
+
+ </font> </td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+
+</body>
+
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_2/index.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_2/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..82a25be --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_2/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +<html>
+
+<head>
+
+<title>Cisco Global Learning Network</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+
+</head>
+
+<frameset cols="490,301" framespacing="0" border="0" frameborder="0" marginheight=0 marginwidth=0 topmargin=0 leftmargin=0>
+ <frameset rows="100%,48">
+ <frame name="graphics" scrolling="no" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" src="media.html">
+ <frame name="bottom" scrolling="no" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" src="../../navigation.html" target="contents">
+ </frameset>
+ <frameset rows="100%,48">
+ <frame name="content" scrolling="yes" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" target="_self" src="content.html">
+ <frame name="navigation" scrolling="no" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" noresize src="buttons.html" target="self">
+ </frameset>
+
+ <noframes>
+ <body>
+
+ <p>This page uses frames, but your browser doesn't support them.</p>
+
+ </body>
+ </noframes>
+</frameset>
+
+</html>
diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_2/media.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_2/media.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7a8880d --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_2/media.html @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +<html>
+
+<head>
+
+
+
+<title>Flash Graphic</title>
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" topmargin="1" leftmargin="1">
+<OBJECT classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000"
+ codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,0,0"
+ WIDTH="100%" HEIGHT="100%">
+ <PARAM NAME=movie VALUE="../../flash/ch02/2_2_2.swf"> <PARAM NAME=quality VALUE=high> <PARAM NAME=bgcolor VALUE=#FFFFFF>
+ <EMBED src="../../flash/ch02/2_2_2.swf" quality=high bgcolor=#FFFFFF WIDTH="100%" HEIGHT="100%" TYPE="application/x-shockwave-flash" PLUGINSPAGE="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer"></EMBED></OBJECT>
+
+
+
+</body>
+
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_3/buttons.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_3/buttons.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..03c01c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_3/buttons.html @@ -0,0 +1,110 @@ +<html>
+
+<head>
+
+
+
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
+
+
+
+<title>New Page 1</title>
+<script language="JavaScript" src="../../javascript/buttons.js"></script>
+
+
+<script language="JavaScript">
+
+<!--
+
+if (document.images) {
+ image1on = new Image();
+ image1on.src = "../../images/index_ov.gif";
+
+ image2on = new Image();
+ image2on.src = "../../images/glossary_ov.gif";
+
+ image3on = new Image();
+ image3on.src = "../../images/back_ov.gif";
+
+ image4on = new Image();
+ image4on.src = "../../images/next_ov.gif";
+
+ image5on = new Image();
+ image5on.src = "../../images/quiz_ov.gif";
+
+ image1off = new Image();
+ image1off.src = "../../images/index_up.gif";
+
+ image2off = new Image();
+ image2off.src = "../../images/glossary_up.gif";
+
+ image3off = new Image();
+ image3off.src = "../../images/back_up.gif";
+
+ image4off = new Image();
+ image4off.src = "../../images/next_up.gif";
+
+ image5off = new Image();
+ image5off.src = "../../images/quiz_up.gif";
+
+ image1hint = new Image();
+ image1hint.src = "../../images/menu_index.gif";
+
+ image2hint = new Image();
+ image2hint.src = "../../images/menu_glossary.gif";
+
+ image3hint = new Image();
+ image3hint.src = "../../images/menu_back.gif";
+
+ image4hint = new Image();
+ image4hint.src = "../../images/menu_next.gif";
+
+ image5hint = new Image();
+ image5hint.src = "../../images/menu_quiz.gif";
+
+ imageHint = new Image();
+ imageHint.src = "../../images/menu_up.gif";
+}
+
+function changeImages() {
+ if (document.images) {
+ for (var i=0; i<changeImages.arguments.length; i+=2) {
+ document[changeImages.arguments[i]].src = eval(changeImages.arguments[i+1] + ".src");
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+// -->
+</script>
+
+
+<base target="_self">
+
+
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#cccccc" topmargin="0" leftmargin="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" height="48" width="100%" style="border-collapse: collapse" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="100%" height="48" align="right"><font color="#FFFFFF" size="2" face="Arial"><b> </b></font>
+ <img name="hint" border="0" src="../../images/menu_up.gif" width="136" height="19"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" align="left" height="48"><a onMouseOver="changeImages('image1', 'image1on'); changeImages('hint', 'image1hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image1', 'image1off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');" href="javascript:openIndex('ch2');">
+ <img name="image1" border="0" src="../../images/index_up.gif" width="31" height="48"></a></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" align="left" height="48"><a onMouseOver="changeImages('image5', 'image5on'); changeImages('hint', 'image5hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image5', 'image5off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');" href="javascript:openQuiz('ch02');">
+ <img name="image5" border="0" src="../../images/quiz_up.gif" width="31" height="48"></a></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" align="left" height="48"><a href="javascript:openGlossary();" onMouseOver="changeImages('image2', 'image2on'); changeImages('hint', 'image2hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image2', 'image2off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');">
+ <img name="image2" border="0" src="../../images/glossary_up.gif" width="31" height="48"></a></td>
+
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" valign="middle" align="left" height="48">
+ <a target="main" onMouseOver="changeImages('image3', 'image3on'); changeImages('hint', 'image3hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image3', 'image3off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');" href="../2_2_2/index.html">
+ <img name="image3" border="0" src="../../images/back_up.gif" width="30" height="48"></a></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="100%" valign="middle" height="48">
+ <a target="main" onMouseOver="changeImages('image4', 'image4on'); changeImages('hint', 'image4hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image4', 'image4off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');" href="../2_2_4/index.html">
+ <img name="image4" border="0" src="../../images/next_up.gif" width="30" height="48"></a></td>
+ <td height="48"><img border="0" src="../../images/menu_bar.gif" width="15" height="48"></td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_3/content.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_3/content.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2720a39 --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_3/content.html @@ -0,0 +1,132 @@ +<html>
+
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+<title>Content</title>
+<base target="_self">
+</head>
+
+<body background="../../images/bg.gif" topmargin="0" leftmargin="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" onLoad="window.focus();" link="#808080" vlink="#808080" alink="#808080">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="18" valign="top">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/content_lines.gif" width="16" height="25">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="2" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666"><b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">2.2</font></b></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666"><img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="10" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="100%">
+ <strong><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">WAN Technologies</font></strong></td>
+ <td width="9" bgcolor="#336666"> </td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="18"> </td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25"><b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">
+ 2.2.3</font></b></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999"><img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="10" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="100%"><strong>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">Leased line</font></strong></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="9"> </td>
+ </tr></table>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="95%" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <tr>
+ <td width="15"></td>
+ <td>
+
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">When permanent dedicated connections are
+ required, leased lines are used with capacities ranging up to 2.5 Gbps.</font><p>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">A point-to-point link provides a
+ pre-established WAN communications path from the customer premises
+ through the provider network to a remote destination. Point-to-point
+ lines are usually leased from a carrier and are called leased lines.
+ Leased lines are available in different capacities.
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/1.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12"> These
+ dedicated circuits are generally priced based on bandwidth required
+ and distance between the two connected points. Point-to-point links
+ are generally more expensive than shared services such as Frame Relay.
+ The cost of leased-line solutions can become significant when they are
+ used to connect many sites. There are times when cost of the leased
+ line is outweighed by the benefits. The dedicated capacity gives no
+ latency or jitter between the endpoints. Constant availability is
+ essential for some applications such as electronic commerce.</font></p>
+ <p><font face="Arial" size="2">A router serial port is required for
+ each leased-line connection. A CSU/DSU and the actual circuit from the service provider are also
+ required.</font></p>
+ <p><font face="Arial" size="2">Leased lines are used extensively for
+ building WANs and give permanent dedicated capacity.
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/2.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12"> They have
+ been the traditional connection of choice but have a number of
+ disadvantages. WAN traffic is often variable and leased lines have a
+ fixed capacity. This results in the bandwidth of the line seldom being
+ exactly what is needed. In addition, each end point would need an
+ interface on the router which would increase equipment costs. Any changes to the leased line
+ generally require a site visit by the carrier to change capacity.</font></p>
+ <p><font face="Arial" size="2">Leased lines
+ provide direct point-to-point connections between enterprise LANs and connect individual branches to a
+ packet-switched network. Several connections can be multiplexed over
+ a leased line, resulting in shorter links and fewer required
+ interfaces. </font></p>
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#B0AFAF" width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD valign="top">
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#669999" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD width="5">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/lab_toplft.gif" width="116" height="23"></TD>
+ <TD><IMG alt="" height="1" width="3" src="../../images/s.gif"></TD><TD align="right" valign="top">
+ <IMG alt="" src="../../images/corner_ur_7.gif" width="7" height="7"></TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#B0AFAF" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD>
+ <TABLE width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <TR>
+ <TD bgcolor="#ffffff" width="15"> </TD>
+ <TD bgcolor="#ffffff"><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000">
+ <p><font color="#808080">
+ <a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="window.open('../../activities/ch02/activity_2_2_3.html','Interactivity','width=740,height=390,toolbar=0,resizable=yes,scrollbars=0,screenX=26,screenY=38,left=26,top=38');">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/media_icon.gif" width="25" height="25"></a> <b>
+ <a onClick="window.open('../../activities/ch02/activity_2_2_3.html','Interactivity','width=740,height=390,toolbar=0,resizable=yes,scrollbars=0,screenX=26,screenY=38,left=26,top=38');" href="javascript:void(0)">Interactive Media Activity</a></b></font></p>
+ </font><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#808080">
+ <p>Checkbox: WAN Technologies Leased Lines</p>
+ <p>Upon completing this activity, the student
+ will be able to identify the characteristics associated with a
+ leased line connection.</p>
+ </font><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000">
+ <p><IMG alt="" height="2" width="1" src="../../images/s.gif"></p></TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+
+
+
+ <p> </p>
+ </font>
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+
+</body>
+
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_3/index.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_3/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..82a25be --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_3/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +<html>
+
+<head>
+
+<title>Cisco Global Learning Network</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+
+</head>
+
+<frameset cols="490,301" framespacing="0" border="0" frameborder="0" marginheight=0 marginwidth=0 topmargin=0 leftmargin=0>
+ <frameset rows="100%,48">
+ <frame name="graphics" scrolling="no" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" src="media.html">
+ <frame name="bottom" scrolling="no" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" src="../../navigation.html" target="contents">
+ </frameset>
+ <frameset rows="100%,48">
+ <frame name="content" scrolling="yes" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" target="_self" src="content.html">
+ <frame name="navigation" scrolling="no" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" noresize src="buttons.html" target="self">
+ </frameset>
+
+ <noframes>
+ <body>
+
+ <p>This page uses frames, but your browser doesn't support them.</p>
+
+ </body>
+ </noframes>
+</frameset>
+
+</html>
diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_3/media.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_3/media.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c0bbbbe --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_3/media.html @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +<html>
+
+<head>
+
+
+
+<title>Flash Graphic</title>
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" topmargin="1" leftmargin="1">
+<OBJECT classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000"
+ codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,0,0"
+ WIDTH="100%" HEIGHT="100%">
+ <PARAM NAME=movie VALUE="../../flash/ch02/2_2_3.swf"> <PARAM NAME=quality VALUE=high> <PARAM NAME=bgcolor VALUE=#FFFFFF>
+ <EMBED src="../../flash/ch02/2_2_3.swf" quality=high bgcolor=#FFFFFF WIDTH="100%" HEIGHT="100%" TYPE="application/x-shockwave-flash" PLUGINSPAGE="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer"></EMBED></OBJECT>
+
+
+
+</body>
+
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_4/buttons.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_4/buttons.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a43981f --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_4/buttons.html @@ -0,0 +1,110 @@ +<html>
+
+<head>
+
+
+
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
+
+
+
+<title>New Page 1</title>
+<script language="JavaScript" src="../../javascript/buttons.js"></script>
+
+
+<script language="JavaScript">
+
+<!--
+
+if (document.images) {
+ image1on = new Image();
+ image1on.src = "../../images/index_ov.gif";
+
+ image2on = new Image();
+ image2on.src = "../../images/glossary_ov.gif";
+
+ image3on = new Image();
+ image3on.src = "../../images/back_ov.gif";
+
+ image4on = new Image();
+ image4on.src = "../../images/next_ov.gif";
+
+ image5on = new Image();
+ image5on.src = "../../images/quiz_ov.gif";
+
+ image1off = new Image();
+ image1off.src = "../../images/index_up.gif";
+
+ image2off = new Image();
+ image2off.src = "../../images/glossary_up.gif";
+
+ image3off = new Image();
+ image3off.src = "../../images/back_up.gif";
+
+ image4off = new Image();
+ image4off.src = "../../images/next_up.gif";
+
+ image5off = new Image();
+ image5off.src = "../../images/quiz_up.gif";
+
+ image1hint = new Image();
+ image1hint.src = "../../images/menu_index.gif";
+
+ image2hint = new Image();
+ image2hint.src = "../../images/menu_glossary.gif";
+
+ image3hint = new Image();
+ image3hint.src = "../../images/menu_back.gif";
+
+ image4hint = new Image();
+ image4hint.src = "../../images/menu_next.gif";
+
+ image5hint = new Image();
+ image5hint.src = "../../images/menu_quiz.gif";
+
+ imageHint = new Image();
+ imageHint.src = "../../images/menu_up.gif";
+}
+
+function changeImages() {
+ if (document.images) {
+ for (var i=0; i<changeImages.arguments.length; i+=2) {
+ document[changeImages.arguments[i]].src = eval(changeImages.arguments[i+1] + ".src");
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+// -->
+</script>
+
+
+<base target="_self">
+
+
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#cccccc" topmargin="0" leftmargin="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" height="48" width="100%" style="border-collapse: collapse" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="100%" height="48" align="right"><font color="#FFFFFF" size="2" face="Arial"><b> </b></font>
+ <img name="hint" border="0" src="../../images/menu_up.gif" width="136" height="19"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" align="left" height="48"><a onMouseOver="changeImages('image1', 'image1on'); changeImages('hint', 'image1hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image1', 'image1off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');" href="javascript:openIndex('ch2');">
+ <img name="image1" border="0" src="../../images/index_up.gif" width="31" height="48"></a></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" align="left" height="48"><a onMouseOver="changeImages('image5', 'image5on'); changeImages('hint', 'image5hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image5', 'image5off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');" href="javascript:openQuiz('ch02');">
+ <img name="image5" border="0" src="../../images/quiz_up.gif" width="31" height="48"></a></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" align="left" height="48"><a href="javascript:openGlossary();" onMouseOver="changeImages('image2', 'image2on'); changeImages('hint', 'image2hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image2', 'image2off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');">
+ <img name="image2" border="0" src="../../images/glossary_up.gif" width="31" height="48"></a></td>
+
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" valign="middle" align="left" height="48">
+ <a target="main" onMouseOver="changeImages('image3', 'image3on'); changeImages('hint', 'image3hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image3', 'image3off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');" href="../2_2_3/index.html">
+ <img name="image3" border="0" src="../../images/back_up.gif" width="30" height="48"></a></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="100%" valign="middle" height="48">
+ <a target="main" onMouseOver="changeImages('image4', 'image4on'); changeImages('hint', 'image4hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image4', 'image4off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');" href="../2_2_5/index.html">
+ <img name="image4" border="0" src="../../images/next_up.gif" width="30" height="48"></a></td>
+ <td height="48"><img border="0" src="../../images/menu_bar.gif" width="15" height="48"></td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_4/content.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_4/content.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4ed41d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_4/content.html @@ -0,0 +1,165 @@ +<html xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
+
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+
+
+
+<title>Content</title>
+<base target="_self">
+</head>
+
+<body background="../../images/bg.gif" topmargin="0" leftmargin="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" onLoad="window.focus();" link="#808080" vlink="#808080" alink="#808080">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="18" valign="top">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/content_lines.gif" width="16" height="25">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="2" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666"><b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">2.2</font></b></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666"><img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="10" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="100%">
+ <strong><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">WAN Technologies</font></strong></td>
+ <td width="9" bgcolor="#336666"> </td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="18"> </td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25"><b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">
+ 2.2.4</font></b></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999"><img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="10" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="100%"><strong>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">X.25</font></strong></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="9"> </td>
+ </tr></table>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="95%" bordercolor="#111111">
+
+ <tr>
+ <td width="15"></td>
+ <td>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">In response to the expense of leased
+ lines, telecommunications providers introduced packet-switched
+ networks using shared lines to reduce costs. The first of these
+ packet-switched networks was standardized as the X.25 group of
+ protocols. X.25 provides a low bit rate shared variable capacity that
+ may be either switched or permanent.
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/1.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12"></font><p>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">X.25 is a network-layer protocol and
+ subscribers are provided with a network address. Virtual circuits can
+ be established through the network with call request packets to the
+ target address. The resulting SVC is
+ identified by a channel number. Data packets labeled with the channel
+ number are delivered to the corresponding address. Multiple channels
+ can be active on a single connection.</font></p>
+ <p><font face="Arial" size="2">Subscribers connect to the X.25 network
+ with either leased lines or dialup connections. X.25 networks can also
+ have pre-established channels between subscribers that provide a
+
+ PVC.</font></p>
+ <p><font face="Arial" size="2">X.25 can be very cost effective because
+ tariffs are based on the amount of data delivered rather than
+ connection time or distance. Data can be delivered at any rate up to
+ the connection capacity. This provides some flexibility. X.25 networks
+ are usually low capacity, with a maximum of 48 kbps. In addition, the
+ data packets are subject to the delays typical of shared networks.</font></p>
+ <p><font face="Arial" size="2">X.25 technology is no longer widely
+ available as a WAN technology in the US. Frame Relay has replaced X.25 at many service provider locations.</font></p>
+ <p><font face="Arial" size="2">Typical X.25 applications are
+ point-of-sale card readers. These readers use X.25 in dialup mode to
+ validate transactions on a central computer. Some enterprises also use
+ X.25 based value-added networks (VAN) to transfer Electronic Data
+ Interchange (EDI) invoices, bills of lading, and other commercial
+ documents. For these applications, the low bandwidth and high latency
+ are not a concern, because the low cost makes the use of X.25
+ affordable.</font></p>
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#B0AFAF" width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD valign="top">
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#669999" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD width="5">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/lab_toplft.gif" width="116" height="23"></TD>
+ <TD><IMG alt="" height="1" width="3" src="../../images/s.gif"></TD><TD align="right" valign="top">
+ <IMG alt="" src="../../images/corner_ur_7.gif" width="7" height="7"></TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#B0AFAF" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD>
+ <TABLE width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <TR>
+ <TD bgcolor="#ffffff" width="15"> </TD>
+ <TD bgcolor="#ffffff"><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000">
+ <p><font color="#808080">
+ <a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="window.open('../../activities/ch02/activity_2_2_4.html','Interactivity','width=740,height=390,toolbar=0,resizable=yes,scrollbars=0,screenX=26,screenY=38,left=26,top=38');">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/media_icon.gif" width="25" height="25"></a> <b>
+ <a onClick="window.open('../../activities/ch02/activity_2_2_4.html','Interactivity','width=740,height=390,toolbar=0,resizable=yes,scrollbars=0,screenX=26,screenY=38,left=26,top=38');" href="javascript:void(0)">Interactive Media Activity</a></b></font></p>
+ </font><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#808080">
+ <p>Checkbox: WAN Technologies X.25</p>
+ <p>Upon completing this activity, the student
+ will be able to identify the characteristics associated with an
+ X.25 connection.</p>
+ </font><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000">
+ <p><IMG alt="" height="2" width="1" src="../../images/s.gif"></p></TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+
+
+
+
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#B0AFAF" width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD valign="top">
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#669999" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD width="5">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/lab_toplft.gif" width="116" height="23"></TD>
+ <TD><IMG alt="" height="1" width="3" src="../../images/s.gif"></TD><TD align="right" valign="top">
+ <IMG alt="" src="../../images/corner_ur_7.gif" width="7" height="7"></TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#B0AFAF" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD>
+ <TABLE width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <TR>
+ <TD bgcolor="#ffffff" width="15"> </TD>
+ <TD bgcolor="#ffffff"><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000">
+ <p><font color="#808080">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/links_icon.gif" width="25" height="25">
+ <b>Web Links</b></font></p>
+ </font><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#808080">
+
+ <p>X.25 Protocol<p>
+ <a target="_blank" href="http://www2.rad.com/networks/1996/x25/x25.htm">
+ http://www2.rad.com/networks/1996/ x25/x25.htm</a></font></p>
+
+ <p>
+ <IMG alt="" height="2" width="1" src="../../images/s.gif"></p>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE><p>
+
+ <font face="Arial" size="2"> </font>
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+
+</body>
+
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_4/index.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_4/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..82a25be --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_4/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +<html>
+
+<head>
+
+<title>Cisco Global Learning Network</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+
+</head>
+
+<frameset cols="490,301" framespacing="0" border="0" frameborder="0" marginheight=0 marginwidth=0 topmargin=0 leftmargin=0>
+ <frameset rows="100%,48">
+ <frame name="graphics" scrolling="no" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" src="media.html">
+ <frame name="bottom" scrolling="no" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" src="../../navigation.html" target="contents">
+ </frameset>
+ <frameset rows="100%,48">
+ <frame name="content" scrolling="yes" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" target="_self" src="content.html">
+ <frame name="navigation" scrolling="no" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" noresize src="buttons.html" target="self">
+ </frameset>
+
+ <noframes>
+ <body>
+
+ <p>This page uses frames, but your browser doesn't support them.</p>
+
+ </body>
+ </noframes>
+</frameset>
+
+</html>
diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_4/media.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_4/media.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e8665cd --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_4/media.html @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +<html>
+
+<head>
+
+
+
+<title>Flash Graphic</title>
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" topmargin="1" leftmargin="1">
+<OBJECT classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000"
+ codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,0,0"
+ WIDTH="100%" HEIGHT="100%">
+ <PARAM NAME=movie VALUE="../../flash/ch02/2_2_4.swf"> <PARAM NAME=quality VALUE=high> <PARAM NAME=bgcolor VALUE=#FFFFFF>
+ <EMBED src="../../flash/ch02/2_2_4.swf" quality=high bgcolor=#FFFFFF WIDTH="100%" HEIGHT="100%" TYPE="application/x-shockwave-flash" PLUGINSPAGE="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer"></EMBED></OBJECT>
+
+
+
+</body>
+
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_5/buttons.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_5/buttons.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f41ac31 --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_5/buttons.html @@ -0,0 +1,110 @@ +<html>
+
+<head>
+
+
+
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
+
+
+
+<title>New Page 1</title>
+<script language="JavaScript" src="../../javascript/buttons.js"></script>
+
+
+<script language="JavaScript">
+
+<!--
+
+if (document.images) {
+ image1on = new Image();
+ image1on.src = "../../images/index_ov.gif";
+
+ image2on = new Image();
+ image2on.src = "../../images/glossary_ov.gif";
+
+ image3on = new Image();
+ image3on.src = "../../images/back_ov.gif";
+
+ image4on = new Image();
+ image4on.src = "../../images/next_ov.gif";
+
+ image5on = new Image();
+ image5on.src = "../../images/quiz_ov.gif";
+
+ image1off = new Image();
+ image1off.src = "../../images/index_up.gif";
+
+ image2off = new Image();
+ image2off.src = "../../images/glossary_up.gif";
+
+ image3off = new Image();
+ image3off.src = "../../images/back_up.gif";
+
+ image4off = new Image();
+ image4off.src = "../../images/next_up.gif";
+
+ image5off = new Image();
+ image5off.src = "../../images/quiz_up.gif";
+
+ image1hint = new Image();
+ image1hint.src = "../../images/menu_index.gif";
+
+ image2hint = new Image();
+ image2hint.src = "../../images/menu_glossary.gif";
+
+ image3hint = new Image();
+ image3hint.src = "../../images/menu_back.gif";
+
+ image4hint = new Image();
+ image4hint.src = "../../images/menu_next.gif";
+
+ image5hint = new Image();
+ image5hint.src = "../../images/menu_quiz.gif";
+
+ imageHint = new Image();
+ imageHint.src = "../../images/menu_up.gif";
+}
+
+function changeImages() {
+ if (document.images) {
+ for (var i=0; i<changeImages.arguments.length; i+=2) {
+ document[changeImages.arguments[i]].src = eval(changeImages.arguments[i+1] + ".src");
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+// -->
+</script>
+
+
+<base target="_self">
+
+
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#cccccc" topmargin="0" leftmargin="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" height="48" width="100%" style="border-collapse: collapse" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="100%" height="48" align="right"><font color="#FFFFFF" size="2" face="Arial"><b> </b></font>
+ <img name="hint" border="0" src="../../images/menu_up.gif" width="136" height="19"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" align="left" height="48"><a onMouseOver="changeImages('image1', 'image1on'); changeImages('hint', 'image1hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image1', 'image1off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');" href="javascript:openIndex('ch2');">
+ <img name="image1" border="0" src="../../images/index_up.gif" width="31" height="48"></a></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" align="left" height="48"><a onMouseOver="changeImages('image5', 'image5on'); changeImages('hint', 'image5hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image5', 'image5off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');" href="javascript:openQuiz('ch02');">
+ <img name="image5" border="0" src="../../images/quiz_up.gif" width="31" height="48"></a></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" align="left" height="48"><a href="javascript:openGlossary();" onMouseOver="changeImages('image2', 'image2on'); changeImages('hint', 'image2hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image2', 'image2off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');">
+ <img name="image2" border="0" src="../../images/glossary_up.gif" width="31" height="48"></a></td>
+
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" valign="middle" align="left" height="48">
+ <a target="main" onMouseOver="changeImages('image3', 'image3on'); changeImages('hint', 'image3hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image3', 'image3off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');" href="../2_2_4/index.html">
+ <img name="image3" border="0" src="../../images/back_up.gif" width="30" height="48"></a></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="100%" valign="middle" height="48">
+ <a target="main" onMouseOver="changeImages('image4', 'image4on'); changeImages('hint', 'image4hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image4', 'image4off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');" href="../2_2_6/index.html">
+ <img name="image4" border="0" src="../../images/next_up.gif" width="30" height="48"></a></td>
+ <td height="48"><img border="0" src="../../images/menu_bar.gif" width="15" height="48"></td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_5/content.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_5/content.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..54c608f --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_5/content.html @@ -0,0 +1,160 @@ +<html xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
+
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+
+
+
+<title>Content</title>
+<base target="_self">
+</head>
+
+<body background="../../images/bg.gif" topmargin="0" leftmargin="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" onLoad="window.focus();" link="#808080" vlink="#808080" alink="#808080">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="18" valign="top">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/content_lines.gif" width="16" height="25">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="2" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666"><b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">2.2</font></b></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666"><img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="10" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="100%">
+ <strong><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">WAN Technologies</font></strong></td>
+ <td width="9" bgcolor="#336666"> </td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="18"> </td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25"><b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">
+ 2.2.5</font></b></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999"><img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="10" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="100%">
+ <strong><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">Frame Relay</font></strong></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="9"> </td>
+ </tr></table>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="95%" bordercolor="#111111">
+
+ <tr>
+ <td width="15"></td>
+ <td>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">With increasing demand for higher
+ bandwidth and lower latency packet switching, communications providers
+ introduced Frame Relay. Although the network layout appears
+ similar to that for X.25, available data rates are commonly up to 4
+ Mbps, with some providers offering even higher rates.
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/1.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12"></font><p>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">Frame Relay differs from X.25 in several
+ aspects. Most importantly, it is a much simpler protocol that works at
+ the data link layer rather than the network layer. </font></p>
+ <p><font face="Arial" size="2">Frame Relay implements no error or flow
+ control. The simplified handling of frames leads to reduced latency,
+ and measures taken to avoid frame build-up at intermediate switches
+ help reduce jitter.</font></p>
+ <p><font face="Arial" size="2">Most Frame Relay connections are PVCs rather than SVCs. The connection to the network edge is often
+ a leased line but dialup connections are available from some providers
+ using ISDN lines. The ISDN D channel is used to set up an SVC on one
+ or more B channels. Frame Relay tariffs are based on the capacity of
+ the connecting port at the network edge. Additional factors are the
+ agreed capacity and
+ committed information rate (CIR) of the various PVCs through the
+ port.
+ </font></p>
+ <p><font face="Arial" size="2">Frame Relay provides permanent shared
+ medium bandwidth connectivity that carries both voice and data
+ traffic. Frame Relay is ideal for connecting enterprise LANs. The
+ router on the LAN needs only a single interface, even when multiple
+ VCs are used. The short-leased line to the FR network edge allows
+ cost-effective connections between widely scattered LANs.</font></p>
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#B0AFAF" width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD valign="top">
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#669999" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD width="5">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/lab_toplft.gif" width="116" height="23"></TD>
+ <TD><IMG alt="" height="1" width="3" src="../../images/s.gif"></TD><TD align="right" valign="top">
+ <IMG alt="" src="../../images/corner_ur_7.gif" width="7" height="7"></TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#B0AFAF" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD>
+ <TABLE width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <TR>
+ <TD bgcolor="#ffffff" width="15"> </TD>
+ <TD bgcolor="#ffffff"><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000">
+ <p><font color="#808080">
+ <a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="window.open('../../activities/ch02/activity_2_2_5.html','Interactivity','width=740,height=390,toolbar=0,resizable=yes,scrollbars=0,screenX=26,screenY=38,left=26,top=38');">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/media_icon.gif" width="25" height="25"></a> <b>
+ <a onClick="window.open('../../activities/ch02/activity_2_2_5.html','Interactivity','width=740,height=390,toolbar=0,resizable=yes,scrollbars=0,screenX=26,screenY=38,left=26,top=38');" href="javascript:void(0)">Interactive Media Activity</a></b></font></p>
+ </font><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#808080">
+ <p>Checkbox: WAN Technologies Frame Relay</p>
+ <p>Upon completing this activity, the student
+ will be able to identify the characteristics associated with a
+ Frame Relay circuit.</p>
+ </font><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000">
+ <p><IMG alt="" height="2" width="1" src="../../images/s.gif"></p></TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+
+
+
+
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#B0AFAF" width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD valign="top">
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#669999" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD width="5">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/lab_toplft.gif" width="116" height="23"></TD>
+ <TD><IMG alt="" height="1" width="3" src="../../images/s.gif"></TD><TD align="right" valign="top">
+ <IMG alt="" src="../../images/corner_ur_7.gif" width="7" height="7"></TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#B0AFAF" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD>
+ <TABLE width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <TR>
+ <TD bgcolor="#ffffff" width="15"> </TD>
+ <TD bgcolor="#ffffff"><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000">
+ <p><font color="#808080">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/links_icon.gif" width="25" height="25">
+ <b>Web Links</b></font></p>
+ </font><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#808080">
+
+ <p>Frame Relay<p>
+ <a target="_blank" href="http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/ito_doc/frame.htm">
+ http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/
+ td/doc/cisintwk/ito_doc/frame.htm</a></font></p>
+
+ <p>
+ <IMG alt="" height="2" width="1" src="../../images/s.gif"></p>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE><p>
+
+
+ <font face="Arial" size="2"> </font>
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+
+</body>
+
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_5/index.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_5/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..82a25be --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_5/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +<html>
+
+<head>
+
+<title>Cisco Global Learning Network</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+
+</head>
+
+<frameset cols="490,301" framespacing="0" border="0" frameborder="0" marginheight=0 marginwidth=0 topmargin=0 leftmargin=0>
+ <frameset rows="100%,48">
+ <frame name="graphics" scrolling="no" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" src="media.html">
+ <frame name="bottom" scrolling="no" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" src="../../navigation.html" target="contents">
+ </frameset>
+ <frameset rows="100%,48">
+ <frame name="content" scrolling="yes" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" target="_self" src="content.html">
+ <frame name="navigation" scrolling="no" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" noresize src="buttons.html" target="self">
+ </frameset>
+
+ <noframes>
+ <body>
+
+ <p>This page uses frames, but your browser doesn't support them.</p>
+
+ </body>
+ </noframes>
+</frameset>
+
+</html>
diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_5/media.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_5/media.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2d15f2d --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_5/media.html @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +<html>
+
+<head>
+
+
+
+<title>Flash Graphic</title>
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" topmargin="1" leftmargin="1">
+<OBJECT classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000"
+ codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,0,0"
+ WIDTH="100%" HEIGHT="100%">
+ <PARAM NAME=movie VALUE="../../flash/ch02/2_2_5.swf"> <PARAM NAME=quality VALUE=high> <PARAM NAME=bgcolor VALUE=#FFFFFF>
+ <EMBED src="../../flash/ch02/2_2_5.swf" quality=high bgcolor=#FFFFFF WIDTH="100%" HEIGHT="100%" TYPE="application/x-shockwave-flash" PLUGINSPAGE="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer"></EMBED></OBJECT>
+
+
+
+</body>
+
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_6/buttons.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_6/buttons.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6d990cf --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_6/buttons.html @@ -0,0 +1,110 @@ +<html>
+
+<head>
+
+
+
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
+
+
+
+<title>New Page 1</title>
+<script language="JavaScript" src="../../javascript/buttons.js"></script>
+
+
+<script language="JavaScript">
+
+<!--
+
+if (document.images) {
+ image1on = new Image();
+ image1on.src = "../../images/index_ov.gif";
+
+ image2on = new Image();
+ image2on.src = "../../images/glossary_ov.gif";
+
+ image3on = new Image();
+ image3on.src = "../../images/back_ov.gif";
+
+ image4on = new Image();
+ image4on.src = "../../images/next_ov.gif";
+
+ image5on = new Image();
+ image5on.src = "../../images/quiz_ov.gif";
+
+ image1off = new Image();
+ image1off.src = "../../images/index_up.gif";
+
+ image2off = new Image();
+ image2off.src = "../../images/glossary_up.gif";
+
+ image3off = new Image();
+ image3off.src = "../../images/back_up.gif";
+
+ image4off = new Image();
+ image4off.src = "../../images/next_up.gif";
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+ image5off = new Image();
+ image5off.src = "../../images/quiz_up.gif";
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+ image1hint = new Image();
+ image1hint.src = "../../images/menu_index.gif";
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+ image2hint = new Image();
+ image2hint.src = "../../images/menu_glossary.gif";
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+ image3hint = new Image();
+ image3hint.src = "../../images/menu_back.gif";
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+ image4hint = new Image();
+ image4hint.src = "../../images/menu_next.gif";
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+ image5hint = new Image();
+ image5hint.src = "../../images/menu_quiz.gif";
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+ imageHint = new Image();
+ imageHint.src = "../../images/menu_up.gif";
+}
+
+function changeImages() {
+ if (document.images) {
+ for (var i=0; i<changeImages.arguments.length; i+=2) {
+ document[changeImages.arguments[i]].src = eval(changeImages.arguments[i+1] + ".src");
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+// -->
+</script>
+
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+<base target="_self">
+
+
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#cccccc" topmargin="0" leftmargin="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" height="48" width="100%" style="border-collapse: collapse" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="100%" height="48" align="right"><font color="#FFFFFF" size="2" face="Arial"><b> </b></font>
+ <img name="hint" border="0" src="../../images/menu_up.gif" width="136" height="19"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" align="left" height="48"><a onMouseOver="changeImages('image1', 'image1on'); changeImages('hint', 'image1hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image1', 'image1off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');" href="javascript:openIndex('ch2');">
+ <img name="image1" border="0" src="../../images/index_up.gif" width="31" height="48"></a></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" align="left" height="48"><a onMouseOver="changeImages('image5', 'image5on'); changeImages('hint', 'image5hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image5', 'image5off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');" href="javascript:openQuiz('ch02');">
+ <img name="image5" border="0" src="../../images/quiz_up.gif" width="31" height="48"></a></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" align="left" height="48"><a href="javascript:openGlossary();" onMouseOver="changeImages('image2', 'image2on'); changeImages('hint', 'image2hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image2', 'image2off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');">
+ <img name="image2" border="0" src="../../images/glossary_up.gif" width="31" height="48"></a></td>
+
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" valign="middle" align="left" height="48">
+ <a target="main" onMouseOver="changeImages('image3', 'image3on'); changeImages('hint', 'image3hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image3', 'image3off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');" href="../2_2_5/index.html">
+ <img name="image3" border="0" src="../../images/back_up.gif" width="30" height="48"></a></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="100%" valign="middle" height="48">
+ <a target="main" onMouseOver="changeImages('image4', 'image4on'); changeImages('hint', 'image4hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image4', 'image4off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');" href="../2_2_7/index.html">
+ <img name="image4" border="0" src="../../images/next_up.gif" width="30" height="48"></a></td>
+ <td height="48"><img border="0" src="../../images/menu_bar.gif" width="15" height="48"></td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_6/content.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_6/content.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..78e67ba --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_6/content.html @@ -0,0 +1,161 @@ +<html xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
+
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+
+
+
+<title>Content</title>
+<base target="_self">
+</head>
+
+<body background="../../images/bg.gif" topmargin="0" leftmargin="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" onLoad="window.focus();" link="#808080" vlink="#808080" alink="#808080">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="18" valign="top">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/content_lines.gif" width="16" height="25">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="2" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666"><b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">2.2</font></b></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666"><img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="10" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="100%">
+ <strong><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">WAN Technologies</font></strong></td>
+ <td width="9" bgcolor="#336666"> </td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="18"> </td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25"><b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">
+ 2.2.6</font></b></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999"><img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="10" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="100%">
+ <strong><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">ATM</font></strong></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="9"> </td>
+ </tr></table>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="95%" bordercolor="#111111">
+
+ <tr>
+ <td width="15"></td>
+ <td>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">Communications providers saw a need for a permanent shared
+ network technology that offered very low latency and jitter at much
+ higher bandwidths. Their solution
+ was Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM). ATM has data rates beyond 155
+ Mbps. As with the other shared technologies, such as X.25 and Frame
+ Relay, diagrams for ATM WANs look the same. <img border="0" src="../../images/1.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12"></font><p>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">ATM is a technology that is capable of
+ transferring voice, video, and data through private and public
+ networks. It is built on a cell-based architecture rather than on a
+ frame-based architecture. ATM cells are always a fixed length of 53
+ bytes. The 53 byte ATM cell contains a 5 byte ATM header followed by
+ 48 bytes of ATM payload. Small, fixed-length cells are well suited for
+ carrying voice and video traffic because this traffic is intolerant of
+ delay. Video and voice traffic do not have to wait for a larger data
+ packet to be transmitted.</font></p>
+ <p>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">The 53 byte ATM cell is less efficient
+ than the bigger frames and packets of Frame Relay and X.25.
+ Furthermore, the ATM cell has at least 5 bytes of overhead for each
+ 48-byte payload. When the cell is carrying segmented network layer
+ packets, the overhead will be higher because the ATM switch must be
+ able to reassemble the packets at the destination. A typical ATM line
+ needs almost 20% greater bandwidth than Frame Relay to carry the same
+ volume of network layer data.</font></p>
+ <p>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">ATM offers both PVCs and SVCs, although
+ PVCs are more common with WANs.</font></p>
+ <p>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">As with other shared technologies, ATM
+ allows multiple virtual circuits on a single leased line connection to
+ the network edge.</font></p>
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#B0AFAF" width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD valign="top">
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#669999" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD width="5">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/lab_toplft.gif" width="116" height="23"></TD>
+ <TD><IMG alt="" height="1" width="3" src="../../images/s.gif"></TD><TD align="right" valign="top">
+ <IMG alt="" src="../../images/corner_ur_7.gif" width="7" height="7"></TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#B0AFAF" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD>
+ <TABLE width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <TR>
+ <TD bgcolor="#ffffff" width="15"> </TD>
+ <TD bgcolor="#ffffff"><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000">
+ <p><font color="#808080">
+ <a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="window.open('../../activities/ch02/activity_2_2_6.html','Interactivity','width=740,height=390,toolbar=0,resizable=yes,scrollbars=0,screenX=26,screenY=38,left=26,top=38');">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/media_icon.gif" width="25" height="25"></a> <b>
+ <a onClick="window.open('../../activities/ch02/activity_2_2_6.html','Interactivity','width=740,height=390,toolbar=0,resizable=yes,scrollbars=0,screenX=26,screenY=38,left=26,top=38');" href="javascript:void(0)">Interactive Media Activity</a></b></font></p>
+ </font><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#808080">
+ <p>Checkbox: WAN Technologies Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)</p>
+ <p>Upon completing this activity, the student
+ will be able to identify the characteristics associated with ATM
+ connections.</p>
+ </font><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000">
+ <p><IMG alt="" height="2" width="1" src="../../images/s.gif"></p></TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+
+
+
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#B0AFAF" width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD valign="top">
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#669999" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD width="5">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/lab_toplft.gif" width="116" height="23"></TD>
+ <TD><IMG alt="" height="1" width="3" src="../../images/s.gif"></TD><TD align="right" valign="top">
+ <IMG alt="" src="../../images/corner_ur_7.gif" width="7" height="7"></TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#B0AFAF" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD>
+ <TABLE width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <TR>
+ <TD bgcolor="#ffffff" width="15"> </TD>
+ <TD bgcolor="#ffffff"><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000">
+ <p><font color="#808080">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/links_icon.gif" width="25" height="25">
+ <b>Web Links</b></font></p>
+ </font><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#808080">
+
+ <p>Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Switching<p>
+ <a target="_blank" href="http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/ito_doc/atm.htm">
+ http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/
+ td/doc/cisintwk/ito_doc/atm.htm</a></font></p>
+
+ <p>
+ <IMG alt="" height="2" width="1" src="../../images/s.gif"></p>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE><p>
+
+ <font face="Arial" size="2"> </font>
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+
+</body>
+
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_6/index.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_6/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..82a25be --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_6/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +<html>
+
+<head>
+
+<title>Cisco Global Learning Network</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+
+</head>
+
+<frameset cols="490,301" framespacing="0" border="0" frameborder="0" marginheight=0 marginwidth=0 topmargin=0 leftmargin=0>
+ <frameset rows="100%,48">
+ <frame name="graphics" scrolling="no" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" src="media.html">
+ <frame name="bottom" scrolling="no" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" src="../../navigation.html" target="contents">
+ </frameset>
+ <frameset rows="100%,48">
+ <frame name="content" scrolling="yes" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" target="_self" src="content.html">
+ <frame name="navigation" scrolling="no" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" noresize src="buttons.html" target="self">
+ </frameset>
+
+ <noframes>
+ <body>
+
+ <p>This page uses frames, but your browser doesn't support them.</p>
+
+ </body>
+ </noframes>
+</frameset>
+
+</html>
diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_6/media.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_6/media.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8167afe --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_6/media.html @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +<html>
+
+<head>
+
+
+
+<title>Flash Graphic</title>
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" topmargin="1" leftmargin="1">
+<OBJECT classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000"
+ codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,0,0"
+ WIDTH="100%" HEIGHT="100%">
+ <PARAM NAME=movie VALUE="../../flash/ch02/2_2_6.swf"> <PARAM NAME=quality VALUE=high> <PARAM NAME=bgcolor VALUE=#FFFFFF>
+ <EMBED src="../../flash/ch02/2_2_6.swf" quality=high bgcolor=#FFFFFF WIDTH="100%" HEIGHT="100%" TYPE="application/x-shockwave-flash" PLUGINSPAGE="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer"></EMBED></OBJECT>
+
+
+
+</body>
+
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_7/buttons.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_7/buttons.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..287aab0 --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_7/buttons.html @@ -0,0 +1,110 @@ +<html>
+
+<head>
+
+
+
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
+
+
+
+<title>New Page 1</title>
+<script language="JavaScript" src="../../javascript/buttons.js"></script>
+
+
+<script language="JavaScript">
+
+<!--
+
+if (document.images) {
+ image1on = new Image();
+ image1on.src = "../../images/index_ov.gif";
+
+ image2on = new Image();
+ image2on.src = "../../images/glossary_ov.gif";
+
+ image3on = new Image();
+ image3on.src = "../../images/back_ov.gif";
+
+ image4on = new Image();
+ image4on.src = "../../images/next_ov.gif";
+
+ image5on = new Image();
+ image5on.src = "../../images/quiz_ov.gif";
+
+ image1off = new Image();
+ image1off.src = "../../images/index_up.gif";
+
+ image2off = new Image();
+ image2off.src = "../../images/glossary_up.gif";
+
+ image3off = new Image();
+ image3off.src = "../../images/back_up.gif";
+
+ image4off = new Image();
+ image4off.src = "../../images/next_up.gif";
+
+ image5off = new Image();
+ image5off.src = "../../images/quiz_up.gif";
+
+ image1hint = new Image();
+ image1hint.src = "../../images/menu_index.gif";
+
+ image2hint = new Image();
+ image2hint.src = "../../images/menu_glossary.gif";
+
+ image3hint = new Image();
+ image3hint.src = "../../images/menu_back.gif";
+
+ image4hint = new Image();
+ image4hint.src = "../../images/menu_next.gif";
+
+ image5hint = new Image();
+ image5hint.src = "../../images/menu_quiz.gif";
+
+ imageHint = new Image();
+ imageHint.src = "../../images/menu_up.gif";
+}
+
+function changeImages() {
+ if (document.images) {
+ for (var i=0; i<changeImages.arguments.length; i+=2) {
+ document[changeImages.arguments[i]].src = eval(changeImages.arguments[i+1] + ".src");
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+// -->
+</script>
+
+
+<base target="_self">
+
+
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#cccccc" topmargin="0" leftmargin="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" height="48" width="100%" style="border-collapse: collapse" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="100%" height="48" align="right"><font color="#FFFFFF" size="2" face="Arial"><b> </b></font>
+ <img name="hint" border="0" src="../../images/menu_up.gif" width="136" height="19"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" align="left" height="48"><a onMouseOver="changeImages('image1', 'image1on'); changeImages('hint', 'image1hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image1', 'image1off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');" href="javascript:openIndex('ch2');">
+ <img name="image1" border="0" src="../../images/index_up.gif" width="31" height="48"></a></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" align="left" height="48"><a onMouseOver="changeImages('image5', 'image5on'); changeImages('hint', 'image5hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image5', 'image5off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');" href="javascript:openQuiz('ch02');">
+ <img name="image5" border="0" src="../../images/quiz_up.gif" width="31" height="48"></a></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" align="left" height="48"><a href="javascript:openGlossary();" onMouseOver="changeImages('image2', 'image2on'); changeImages('hint', 'image2hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image2', 'image2off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');">
+ <img name="image2" border="0" src="../../images/glossary_up.gif" width="31" height="48"></a></td>
+
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" valign="middle" align="left" height="48">
+ <a target="main" onMouseOver="changeImages('image3', 'image3on'); changeImages('hint', 'image3hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image3', 'image3off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');" href="../2_2_6/index.html">
+ <img name="image3" border="0" src="../../images/back_up.gif" width="30" height="48"></a></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="100%" valign="middle" height="48">
+ <a target="main" onMouseOver="changeImages('image4', 'image4on'); changeImages('hint', 'image4hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image4', 'image4off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');" href="../2_2_8/index.html">
+ <img name="image4" border="0" src="../../images/next_up.gif" width="30" height="48"></a></td>
+ <td height="48"><img border="0" src="../../images/menu_bar.gif" width="15" height="48"></td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_7/content.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_7/content.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..04e5270 --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_7/content.html @@ -0,0 +1,152 @@ +<html xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
+
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+
+
+
+<title>Content</title>
+<base target="_self">
+</head>
+
+<body background="../../images/bg.gif" topmargin="0" leftmargin="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" onLoad="window.focus();" link="#808080" vlink="#808080" alink="#808080">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="18" valign="top">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/content_lines.gif" width="16" height="25">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="2" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666"><b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">2.2</font></b></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666"><img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="10" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="100%">
+ <strong><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">WAN Technologies</font></strong></td>
+ <td width="9" bgcolor="#336666"> </td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="18"> </td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25"><b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">
+ 2.2.7</font></b></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999"><img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="10" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="100%">
+ <strong><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">DSL</font></strong></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="9"> </td>
+ </tr></table>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="95%" bordercolor="#111111">
+
+ <tr>
+ <td width="15"></td>
+ <td>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) technology
+ is a broadband technology that uses existing twisted-pair telephone
+ lines to transport high-bandwidth data to service subscribers. DSL
+ service is considered broadband, as opposed to the baseband service
+ for typical LANs. Broadband refers to a technique which uses multiple
+ frequencies within the same physical medium to transmit data. The term
+ xDSL covers a number of similar yet competing forms of DSL
+ technologies:
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/1.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12"></font><ul>
+ <li><font face="Arial" size="2">Asymmetric DSL (ADSL)</font></li>
+ <li><font face="Arial" size="2">Symmetric DSL (SDSL)</font></li>
+ <li><font face="Arial" size="2">High Bit Rate DSL (HDSL)</font></li>
+ <li><font face="Arial" size="2">ISDN (like) DSL (IDSL)</font></li>
+ <li><font face="Arial" size="2">Rate Adaptive DSL (RADSL)</font></li>
+ <li><font face="Arial" size="2">Consumer DSL (CDSL), also called
+ DSL-lite or G.lite</font></li>
+ </ul>
+ <p>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">DSL technology
+ allows the service provider to offer high-speed network services to
+ customers, utilizing installed local loop copper lines. DSL
+ technology allows the local loop line to be used for normal
+ telephone voice connection and an always-on
+ connection for instant network connectivity. Multiple
+ DSL subscriber lines are multiplexed into a single, high capacity link
+ by the use of a DSL Access Multiplexer (DSLAM) at the provider
+ location. DSLAMs incorporate TDM
+ technology to aggregate many subscriber lines into a less cumbersome
+ single medium, generally a T3/DS3 connection. Current DSL technologies
+ are using sophisticated coding and modulation techniques to achieve
+ data rates up to 8.192 Mbps. </font></p>
+ <p><font face="Arial" size="2">The voice channel of a standard
+ consumer telephone covers the frequency range of 330 Hz to 3.3 KHz. A
+ frequency range, or window, of 4 KHz is regarded as the requirements
+ for any voice transmission on the local loop. DSL technologies place
+ upload (upstream) and download (downstream) data transmissions at
+ frequencies above this 4 KHz window. This technique is what allows
+ both voice and data transmissions to occur simultaneously on a DSL
+ service.
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/2.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12"></font></p>
+ <p><font face="Arial" size="2">The two basic types of DSL technologies
+ are asymmetric (ADSL) and symmetric (SDSL). All forms of DSL service
+ are categorized as ADSL or SDSL and there are several varieties of
+ each type. Asymmetric service provides
+ higher download or downstream bandwidth to the user than upload
+ bandwidth. Symmetric service provides the same capacity in both
+ directions.</font></p>
+ <p><font face="Arial" size="2">The different varieties of DSL provide
+ different bandwidths, with capabilities exceeding those of a T1 or E1
+ leased line. The transfer rates are dependent on the actual length of
+ the local loop and the type and condition of its cabling. For
+ satisfactory service, the loop must be less than 5.5 kilometers (3.5
+ miles). DSL availability is far from universal, and there are a wide
+ variety of types, standards, and emerging standards. It is not a
+ popular choice for enterprise computer departments to support home
+ workers. Generally, a subscriber cannot choose to connect to the
+ enterprise network directly, but must first connect to an Internet
+ service provider (ISP). From
+ here, an IP connection is made through the Internet to the enterprise.
+ Thus, security risks are incurred. To address security concerns, DSL
+ services provide capabilities for using Virtual Private Network (VPN)
+ connections to a VPN server, which is typically located at the
+ corporate site. </font></p>
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#B0AFAF" width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD valign="top">
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#669999" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD width="5">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/lab_toplft.gif" width="116" height="23"></TD>
+ <TD><IMG alt="" height="1" width="3" src="../../images/s.gif"></TD><TD align="right" valign="top">
+ <IMG alt="" src="../../images/corner_ur_7.gif" width="7" height="7"></TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#B0AFAF" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD>
+ <TABLE width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <TR>
+ <TD bgcolor="#ffffff" width="15"> </TD>
+ <TD bgcolor="#ffffff"><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000">
+ <p><font color="#808080">
+ <a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="window.open('../../activities/ch02/activity_2_2_7.html','Interactivity','width=740,height=390,toolbar=0,resizable=yes,scrollbars=0,screenX=26,screenY=38,left=26,top=38');">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/media_icon.gif" width="25" height="25"></a> <b>
+ <a onClick="window.open('../../activities/ch02/activity_2_2_7.html','Interactivity','width=740,height=390,toolbar=0,resizable=yes,scrollbars=0,screenX=26,screenY=38,left=26,top=38');" href="javascript:void(0)">Interactive Media Activity</a></b></font></p>
+ </font><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#808080">
+ <p>Checkbox: WAN Technologies Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)</p>
+ <p>Upon completing this activity, the student
+ will be able to identify the characteristics associated with DSL
+ connections.</p>
+ </font><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000">
+ <p><IMG alt="" height="2" width="1" src="../../images/s.gif"></p></TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+
+
+ <p>
+
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+
+</body>
+
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_7/index.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_7/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..82a25be --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_7/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +<html>
+
+<head>
+
+<title>Cisco Global Learning Network</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+
+</head>
+
+<frameset cols="490,301" framespacing="0" border="0" frameborder="0" marginheight=0 marginwidth=0 topmargin=0 leftmargin=0>
+ <frameset rows="100%,48">
+ <frame name="graphics" scrolling="no" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" src="media.html">
+ <frame name="bottom" scrolling="no" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" src="../../navigation.html" target="contents">
+ </frameset>
+ <frameset rows="100%,48">
+ <frame name="content" scrolling="yes" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" target="_self" src="content.html">
+ <frame name="navigation" scrolling="no" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" noresize src="buttons.html" target="self">
+ </frameset>
+
+ <noframes>
+ <body>
+
+ <p>This page uses frames, but your browser doesn't support them.</p>
+
+ </body>
+ </noframes>
+</frameset>
+
+</html>
diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_7/media.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_7/media.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5272b3c --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_7/media.html @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +<html>
+
+<head>
+
+
+
+<title>Flash Graphic</title>
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" topmargin="1" leftmargin="1">
+<OBJECT classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000"
+ codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,0,0"
+ WIDTH="100%" HEIGHT="100%">
+ <PARAM NAME=movie VALUE="../../flash/ch02/2_2_7.swf"> <PARAM NAME=quality VALUE=high> <PARAM NAME=bgcolor VALUE=#FFFFFF>
+ <EMBED src="../../flash/ch02/2_2_7.swf" quality=high bgcolor=#FFFFFF WIDTH="100%" HEIGHT="100%" TYPE="application/x-shockwave-flash" PLUGINSPAGE="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer"></EMBED></OBJECT>
+
+
+
+</body>
+
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_8/buttons.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_8/buttons.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..884ce62 --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_8/buttons.html @@ -0,0 +1,110 @@ +<html>
+
+<head>
+
+
+
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
+
+
+
+<title>New Page 1</title>
+<script language="JavaScript" src="../../javascript/buttons.js"></script>
+
+
+<script language="JavaScript">
+
+<!--
+
+if (document.images) {
+ image1on = new Image();
+ image1on.src = "../../images/index_ov.gif";
+
+ image2on = new Image();
+ image2on.src = "../../images/glossary_ov.gif";
+
+ image3on = new Image();
+ image3on.src = "../../images/back_ov.gif";
+
+ image4on = new Image();
+ image4on.src = "../../images/next_ov.gif";
+
+ image5on = new Image();
+ image5on.src = "../../images/quiz_ov.gif";
+
+ image1off = new Image();
+ image1off.src = "../../images/index_up.gif";
+
+ image2off = new Image();
+ image2off.src = "../../images/glossary_up.gif";
+
+ image3off = new Image();
+ image3off.src = "../../images/back_up.gif";
+
+ image4off = new Image();
+ image4off.src = "../../images/next_up.gif";
+
+ image5off = new Image();
+ image5off.src = "../../images/quiz_up.gif";
+
+ image1hint = new Image();
+ image1hint.src = "../../images/menu_index.gif";
+
+ image2hint = new Image();
+ image2hint.src = "../../images/menu_glossary.gif";
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+ image3hint = new Image();
+ image3hint.src = "../../images/menu_back.gif";
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+ image4hint = new Image();
+ image4hint.src = "../../images/menu_next.gif";
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+ image5hint = new Image();
+ image5hint.src = "../../images/menu_quiz.gif";
+
+ imageHint = new Image();
+ imageHint.src = "../../images/menu_up.gif";
+}
+
+function changeImages() {
+ if (document.images) {
+ for (var i=0; i<changeImages.arguments.length; i+=2) {
+ document[changeImages.arguments[i]].src = eval(changeImages.arguments[i+1] + ".src");
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+// -->
+</script>
+
+
+<base target="_self">
+
+
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#cccccc" topmargin="0" leftmargin="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0">
+
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+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="100%" height="48" align="right"><font color="#FFFFFF" size="2" face="Arial"><b> </b></font>
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+ <img name="image5" border="0" src="../../images/quiz_up.gif" width="31" height="48"></a></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" align="left" height="48"><a href="javascript:openGlossary();" onMouseOver="changeImages('image2', 'image2on'); changeImages('hint', 'image2hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image2', 'image2off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');">
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+ <img name="image3" border="0" src="../../images/back_up.gif" width="30" height="48"></a></td>
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+</table>
+
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_8/content.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_8/content.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8e11a56 --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_8/content.html @@ -0,0 +1,126 @@ +<html xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
+
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+
+
+
+<title>Content</title>
+<base target="_self">
+</head>
+
+<body background="../../images/bg.gif" topmargin="0" leftmargin="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" onLoad="window.focus();" link="#808080" vlink="#808080" alink="#808080">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="18" valign="top">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/content_lines.gif" width="16" height="25">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="2" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666"><b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">2.2</font></b></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666"><img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="10" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="100%">
+ <strong><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">WAN Technologies</font></strong></td>
+ <td width="9" bgcolor="#336666"> </td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="18"> </td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25"><b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">
+ 2.2.8</font></b></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999"><img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="10" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="100%">
+ <strong><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">Cable modem</font></strong></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="9"> </td>
+ </tr></table>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="95%" bordercolor="#111111">
+
+ <tr>
+ <td width="15"></td>
+ <td>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">Coaxial cable is
+ widely used in urban areas to distribute television signals.
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/1.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12"> Network
+ access is available from some cable television networks. This allows
+ for greater bandwidth than the conventional telephone local loop.
+ </font>
+ <p><font face="Arial" size="2">Enhanced cable modems enable two-way,
+ high-speed data transmissions using the same coaxial lines that
+ transmit cable television. Some cable service providers are promising data speeds up
+ to 6.5 times that of T1 leased lines. This speed makes cable an
+ attractive medium for transferring large amounts of digital
+ information quickly, including video clips, audio files, and large
+ amounts of data. Information that would take two minutes to download
+ using ISDN BRI can be downloaded in two seconds through a cable modem
+ connection. </font></p>
+ <p><font face="Arial" size="2">Cable modems provide an always-on
+ connection and a simple installation. An always-on cable
+ connection means that connected computers are vulnerable to a security
+ breach at
+ all times and need to be suitably secured with firewalls. To address
+ security concerns, cable modem services provide capabilities for using
+ Virtual Private Network (VPN) connections to a VPN server, which is
+ typically located at the corporate site. </font></p>
+ <p><font face="Arial" size="2">A cable modem is capable of delivering
+ up to 30 to 40 Mbps of data on one 6 MHz cable channel. This is almost
+ 500 times faster than a 56 Kbps modem.</font></p>
+ <p><font face="Arial" size="2">With a cable modem, a subscriber can
+ continue to receive cable television service while simultaneously
+ receiving data to a personal computer. This is
+ accomplished with the help of a simple one-to-two splitter.
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/2.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12"></font></p>
+ <p><font face="Arial" size="2">Cable modem subscribers must use the
+ ISP associated with the service provider. All the local subscribers
+ share the same cable bandwidth. As more users join the service, available
+ bandwidth may be below the expected rate.
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/3.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12">
+ -
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/5.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12"></font></p>
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#B0AFAF" width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD valign="top">
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#669999" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD width="5">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/lab_toplft.gif" width="116" height="23"></TD>
+ <TD><IMG alt="" height="1" width="3" src="../../images/s.gif"></TD><TD align="right" valign="top">
+ <IMG alt="" src="../../images/corner_ur_7.gif" width="7" height="7"></TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#B0AFAF" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD>
+ <TABLE width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <TR>
+ <TD bgcolor="#ffffff" width="15"> </TD>
+ <TD bgcolor="#ffffff"><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000">
+ <p><font color="#808080">
+ <a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="window.open('../../activities/ch02/activity_2_2_8.html','Interactivity','width=740,height=390,toolbar=0,resizable=yes,scrollbars=0,screenX=26,screenY=38,left=26,top=38');">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/media_icon.gif" width="25" height="25"></a> <b>
+ <a onClick="window.open('../../activities/ch02/activity_2_2_8.html','Interactivity','width=740,height=390,toolbar=0,resizable=yes,scrollbars=0,screenX=26,screenY=38,left=26,top=38');" href="javascript:void(0)">Interactive Media Activity</a></b></font></p>
+ </font><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#808080">
+ <p>Checkbox: WAN Technologies Cable Modems</p>
+ <p>Upon completing this activity, the student
+ will be able to identify the characteristics associated with
+ cable modems.</p>
+ </font><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000">
+ <p><IMG alt="" height="2" width="1" src="../../images/s.gif"></p></TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+
+
+ <p>
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+
+</body>
+
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_8/index.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_8/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..82a25be --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_8/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +<html>
+
+<head>
+
+<title>Cisco Global Learning Network</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+
+</head>
+
+<frameset cols="490,301" framespacing="0" border="0" frameborder="0" marginheight=0 marginwidth=0 topmargin=0 leftmargin=0>
+ <frameset rows="100%,48">
+ <frame name="graphics" scrolling="no" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" src="media.html">
+ <frame name="bottom" scrolling="no" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" src="../../navigation.html" target="contents">
+ </frameset>
+ <frameset rows="100%,48">
+ <frame name="content" scrolling="yes" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" target="_self" src="content.html">
+ <frame name="navigation" scrolling="no" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" noresize src="buttons.html" target="self">
+ </frameset>
+
+ <noframes>
+ <body>
+
+ <p>This page uses frames, but your browser doesn't support them.</p>
+
+ </body>
+ </noframes>
+</frameset>
+
+</html>
diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_8/media.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_8/media.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1625c7e --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_2_8/media.html @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +<html>
+
+<head>
+
+
+
+<title>Flash Graphic</title>
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" topmargin="1" leftmargin="1">
+<OBJECT classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000"
+ codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,0,0"
+ WIDTH="100%" HEIGHT="100%">
+ <PARAM NAME=movie VALUE="../../flash/ch02/2_2_8.swf"> <PARAM NAME=quality VALUE=high> <PARAM NAME=bgcolor VALUE=#FFFFFF>
+ <EMBED src="../../flash/ch02/2_2_8.swf" quality=high bgcolor=#FFFFFF WIDTH="100%" HEIGHT="100%" TYPE="application/x-shockwave-flash" PLUGINSPAGE="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer"></EMBED></OBJECT>
+
+
+
+</body>
+
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_3_1/buttons.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_3_1/buttons.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6c5273b --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_3_1/buttons.html @@ -0,0 +1,110 @@ +<html>
+
+<head>
+
+
+
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
+
+
+
+<title>New Page 1</title>
+<script language="JavaScript" src="../../javascript/buttons.js"></script>
+
+
+<script language="JavaScript">
+
+<!--
+
+if (document.images) {
+ image1on = new Image();
+ image1on.src = "../../images/index_ov.gif";
+
+ image2on = new Image();
+ image2on.src = "../../images/glossary_ov.gif";
+
+ image3on = new Image();
+ image3on.src = "../../images/back_ov.gif";
+
+ image4on = new Image();
+ image4on.src = "../../images/next_ov.gif";
+
+ image5on = new Image();
+ image5on.src = "../../images/quiz_ov.gif";
+
+ image1off = new Image();
+ image1off.src = "../../images/index_up.gif";
+
+ image2off = new Image();
+ image2off.src = "../../images/glossary_up.gif";
+
+ image3off = new Image();
+ image3off.src = "../../images/back_up.gif";
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+ image4off = new Image();
+ image4off.src = "../../images/next_up.gif";
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+ image5off = new Image();
+ image5off.src = "../../images/quiz_up.gif";
+
+ image1hint = new Image();
+ image1hint.src = "../../images/menu_index.gif";
+
+ image2hint = new Image();
+ image2hint.src = "../../images/menu_glossary.gif";
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+ image3hint = new Image();
+ image3hint.src = "../../images/menu_back.gif";
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+ image4hint = new Image();
+ image4hint.src = "../../images/menu_next.gif";
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+ image5hint = new Image();
+ image5hint.src = "../../images/menu_quiz.gif";
+
+ imageHint = new Image();
+ imageHint.src = "../../images/menu_up.gif";
+}
+
+function changeImages() {
+ if (document.images) {
+ for (var i=0; i<changeImages.arguments.length; i+=2) {
+ document[changeImages.arguments[i]].src = eval(changeImages.arguments[i+1] + ".src");
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+// -->
+</script>
+
+
+<base target="_self">
+
+
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#cccccc" topmargin="0" leftmargin="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" height="48" width="100%" style="border-collapse: collapse" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="100%" height="48" align="right"><font color="#FFFFFF" size="2" face="Arial"><b> </b></font>
+ <img name="hint" border="0" src="../../images/menu_up.gif" width="136" height="19"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" align="left" height="48"><a onMouseOver="changeImages('image1', 'image1on'); changeImages('hint', 'image1hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image1', 'image1off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');" href="javascript:openIndex('ch2');">
+ <img name="image1" border="0" src="../../images/index_up.gif" width="31" height="48"></a></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" align="left" height="48"><a onMouseOver="changeImages('image5', 'image5on'); changeImages('hint', 'image5hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image5', 'image5off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');" href="javascript:openQuiz('ch02');">
+ <img name="image5" border="0" src="../../images/quiz_up.gif" width="31" height="48"></a></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" align="left" height="48"><a href="javascript:openGlossary();" onMouseOver="changeImages('image2', 'image2on'); changeImages('hint', 'image2hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image2', 'image2off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');">
+ <img name="image2" border="0" src="../../images/glossary_up.gif" width="31" height="48"></a></td>
+
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" valign="middle" align="left" height="48">
+ <a target="main" onMouseOver="changeImages('image3', 'image3on'); changeImages('hint', 'image3hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image3', 'image3off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');" href="../2_2_8/index.html">
+ <img name="image3" border="0" src="../../images/back_up.gif" width="30" height="48"></a></td>
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+ <img name="image4" border="0" src="../../images/next_up.gif" width="30" height="48"></a></td>
+ <td height="48"><img border="0" src="../../images/menu_bar.gif" width="15" height="48"></td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_3_1/content.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_3_1/content.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..06ab9f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_3_1/content.html @@ -0,0 +1,130 @@ +<html>
+
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+
+
+
+<title>Content</title>
+<base target="_self">
+</head>
+
+<body background="../../images/bg.gif" topmargin="0" leftmargin="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" onLoad="window.focus();" link="#808080" vlink="#808080" alink="#808080">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="18" valign="top">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/content_lines.gif" width="16" height="25">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="2" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666"><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF"><b>2.</b></font><b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">3</font></b></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666"><img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="10" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="100%"><strong>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">WAN Design</font></strong></td>
+ <td width="9" bgcolor="#336666"> </td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="18"> </td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25"><b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">
+ 2.3.1</font></b></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999"><img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="10" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="100%"><strong>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">WAN communication</font></strong></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="9"> </td>
+ </tr></table>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="95%" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <tr>
+ <td width="15"></td>
+ <td><font size="2" face="Arial">WANS are considered to be a set of data
+ links connecting routers on LANs. User end stations and servers on LANs
+ exchange data. Routers pass data between networks across the
+ data links.</font><p><font size="2" face="Arial">Because of cost and
+ legal reasons, a communications provider or a common carrier normally
+ owns the data links that make up a WAN. The links are made available to
+ subscribers for a fee and are used to interconnect LANs or connect to
+ remote networks. WAN data transfer speed (bandwidth) is considerably
+ slower than the 100 Mbps that is common on a LAN. The charges for link provision are
+ the major cost element of a WAN and the design must aim to provide
+ maximum bandwidth at acceptable cost. With user pressure to provide more
+ service access at higher speeds and management pressure to contain cost,
+ determining the optimal WAN configuration is not an easy task.</font></p>
+ <p><font face="Arial" size="2">WANs carry a variety of traffic types
+ such as data, voice, and video. The design selected must provide
+ adequate capacity and transit times to meet the requirements of the
+ enterprise. Among other specifications, the design must consider the
+ topology of the connections between the various sites, the nature of
+ those connections, and bandwidth capacity. </font>
+ </p>
+ <p><font size="2" face="Arial">Older WANs often consisted of data links
+ directly connecting remote mainframe computers.
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/1.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12"> Today’s
+ WANs, though, connect geographically separated LANs.
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/2.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12"> End-user
+ stations, servers, and routers communicate across LANs, and the WAN data
+ links terminate at local routers. By exchanging Layer 3 address
+ information about directly connected LANs, routers determine the most
+ appropriate path through the network for the required data streams.
+ Routers can also provide quality of service (QoS) management, which
+ allots priorities to the different traffic streams.
+ </font>
+ </p>
+ <p><font size="2" face="Arial">Because the WAN is merely a set of
+ interconnections between LAN based routers, there are no services on the
+ WAN. WAN technologies function at the lower three layers of the OSI
+ reference model.
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/3.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12"> Routers
+ determine the destination of the data from the network layer headers and
+ transfer the packets to the appropriate data link connection for
+ delivery on the physical connection.</font></p>
+ <p>
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#B0AFAF" width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD valign="top">
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#669999" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD width="5">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/lab_toplft.gif" width="116" height="23"></TD>
+ <TD><IMG alt="" height="1" width="3" src="../../images/s.gif"></TD><TD align="right" valign="top">
+ <IMG alt="" src="../../images/corner_ur_7.gif" width="7" height="7"></TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#B0AFAF" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD>
+ <TABLE width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <TR>
+ <TD bgcolor="#ffffff" width="15"> </TD>
+ <TD bgcolor="#ffffff"><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000">
+ <p><font color="#808080">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/links_icon.gif" width="25" height="25">
+ <b>Web Links</b></font></p>
+ </font><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#808080">
+
+ <p>Introduction to WAN Technologies<p>
+ <a target="_blank" href="http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/ito_doc/introwan.htm">
+ http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/</a><br>
+ <a target="_blank" href="http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/ito_doc/introwan.htm">
+ td/doc/cisintwk/ito_doc/introwan.htm</a></font></p>
+
+ <p>
+ <IMG alt="" height="2" width="1" src="../../images/s.gif"></p>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE><p>
+
+ <font face="Arial" size="2"> </font>
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+
+</body>
+
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_3_1/index.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_3_1/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..82a25be --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_3_1/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +<html>
+
+<head>
+
+<title>Cisco Global Learning Network</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+
+</head>
+
+<frameset cols="490,301" framespacing="0" border="0" frameborder="0" marginheight=0 marginwidth=0 topmargin=0 leftmargin=0>
+ <frameset rows="100%,48">
+ <frame name="graphics" scrolling="no" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" src="media.html">
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+ <frame name="navigation" scrolling="no" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" noresize src="buttons.html" target="self">
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+
+ <p>This page uses frames, but your browser doesn't support them.</p>
+
+ </body>
+ </noframes>
+</frameset>
+
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diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_3_1/media.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_3_1/media.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a5865ba --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_3_1/media.html @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +<html>
+
+<head>
+
+
+
+<title>Flash Graphic</title>
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" topmargin="1" leftmargin="1">
+<OBJECT classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000"
+ codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,0,0"
+ WIDTH="100%" HEIGHT="100%">
+ <PARAM NAME=movie VALUE="../../flash/ch02/2_3_1.swf"> <PARAM NAME=quality VALUE=high> <PARAM NAME=bgcolor VALUE=#FFFFFF>
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+
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+</body>
+
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+
+<head>
+
+
+
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
+
+
+
+<title>New Page 1</title>
+<script language="JavaScript" src="../../javascript/buttons.js"></script>
+
+
+<script language="JavaScript">
+
+<!--
+
+if (document.images) {
+ image1on = new Image();
+ image1on.src = "../../images/index_ov.gif";
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+ image2on = new Image();
+ image2on.src = "../../images/glossary_ov.gif";
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+ image3on.src = "../../images/back_ov.gif";
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+
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+<base target="_self">
+
+
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#cccccc" topmargin="0" leftmargin="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" height="48" width="100%" style="border-collapse: collapse" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="100%" height="48" align="right"><font color="#FFFFFF" size="2" face="Arial"><b> </b></font>
+ <img name="hint" border="0" src="../../images/menu_up.gif" width="136" height="19"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" align="left" height="48"><a onMouseOver="changeImages('image1', 'image1on'); changeImages('hint', 'image1hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image1', 'image1off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');" href="javascript:openIndex('ch2');">
+ <img name="image1" border="0" src="../../images/index_up.gif" width="31" height="48"></a></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" align="left" height="48"><a onMouseOver="changeImages('image5', 'image5on'); changeImages('hint', 'image5hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image5', 'image5off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');" href="javascript:openQuiz('ch02');">
+ <img name="image5" border="0" src="../../images/quiz_up.gif" width="31" height="48"></a></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" align="left" height="48"><a href="javascript:openGlossary();" onMouseOver="changeImages('image2', 'image2on'); changeImages('hint', 'image2hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image2', 'image2off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');">
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+
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+ <img name="image3" border="0" src="../../images/back_up.gif" width="30" height="48"></a></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="100%" valign="middle" height="48">
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+ <img name="image4" border="0" src="../../images/next_up.gif" width="30" height="48"></a></td>
+ <td height="48"><img border="0" src="../../images/menu_bar.gif" width="15" height="48"></td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_3_2/content.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_3_2/content.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8a030d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_3_2/content.html @@ -0,0 +1,129 @@ +<html>
+
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+
+
+
+<title>Content</title>
+<base target="_self">
+</head>
+
+<body background="../../images/bg.gif" topmargin="0" leftmargin="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" onLoad="window.focus();" link="#808080" vlink="#808080" alink="#808080">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="18" valign="top">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/content_lines.gif" width="16" height="25">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="2" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666"><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF"><b>2.</b></font><b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">3</font></b></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666"><img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="10" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="100%"><strong>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">WAN Design</font></strong></td>
+ <td width="9" bgcolor="#336666"> </td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="18"> </td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25"><b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">
+ 2.3.2</font></b></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999"><img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="10" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="100%"><strong>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">Steps in WAN design</font></strong></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="9"> </td>
+ </tr></table>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="95%" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <tr>
+ <td width="15"></td>
+ <td>
+ <p><font size="2" face="Arial">Designing a WAN can be a challenging task, but
+ approaching the design in a systematic manner can lead to superior
+ performance at a reduced cost. Many WANs have evolved over time,
+ therefore many of the guidelines discussed here may not have been
+ considered. Every time a modification to an existing WAN is
+ considered, the steps in this module should be followed. WAN
+ modifications may arise from changes such as an expansion in the
+ enterprise the WAN serves, or accommodation of new work practices and
+ business methods.</font></p>
+ <p><font size="2" face="Arial">Enterprises install WAN connectivity
+ because there is a need to move data in a timely manner between
+ external branches. The WAN is there to support the enterprise
+ requirements. Meeting these requirements incurs costs, such as
+ equipment provisioning and management of the data links.</font></p>
+ <p><font size="2" face="Arial">In designing the WAN, it is necessary to know what data traffic must
+ be carried, its origin, and its destination. WANs carry a variety of
+ traffic types with varying requirements for bandwidth, latency, and
+ jitter. <img border="0" src="../../images/1.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12"></font></p>
+ <p><font size="2" face="Arial">For each pair of end points and for each traffic type, information is
+ needed on the various traffic characteristics.
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/2.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12"> Determining this may
+ involve extensive studies of and consultation with the network users.
+ The design often involves upgrading, extending, or modifying an
+ existing WAN. Much of the data needed can come from existing network
+ management statistics.</font></p>
+ <p><font size="2" face="Arial">Knowing the various end points allows the selection of a topology or
+ layout for the WAN. The topology will be influenced by geographic
+ considerations but also by requirements such as availability. A high
+ requirement for availability will require extra links that provide
+ alternative data paths for redundancy and load balancing.</font></p>
+ <p><font size="2" face="Arial">With the end points and the links chosen, the necessary bandwidth can
+ be estimated. Traffic on the links may have varying requirements for
+ latency and jitter. With the bandwidth availability already
+ determined, suitable link technologies must be selected. </font></p>
+ <p><font size="2" face="Arial">Finally, installation and operational costs for the WAN can be
+ determined and compared with the business need driving the WAN
+ provision.</font></p>
+ <p><font size="2" face="Arial">In practice, following the steps shown in
+ Figure <img border="0" src="../../images/3.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12"> is seldom a linear
+ process. Several modifications may be necessary before a design is
+ finalized. Continued monitoring and re-evaluation are also required
+ after installation of the WAN to maintain optimal performance.</font></p>
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#B0AFAF" width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD valign="top">
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#669999" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD width="5">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/lab_toplft.gif" width="116" height="23"></TD>
+ <TD><IMG alt="" height="1" width="3" src="../../images/s.gif"></TD><TD align="right" valign="top">
+ <IMG alt="" src="../../images/corner_ur_7.gif" width="7" height="7"></TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#B0AFAF" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD>
+ <TABLE width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <TR>
+ <TD bgcolor="#ffffff" width="15"> </TD>
+ <TD bgcolor="#ffffff"><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000">
+ <p><font color="#808080">
+ <a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="window.open('../../activities/ch02/activity_2_3_2.html','Interactivity','width=740,height=390,toolbar=0,resizable=yes,scrollbars=0,screenX=26,screenY=38,left=26,top=38');">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/media_icon.gif" width="25" height="25"></a> <b>
+ <a onClick="window.open('../../activities/ch02/activity_2_3_2.html','Interactivity','width=740,height=390,toolbar=0,resizable=yes,scrollbars=0,screenX=26,screenY=38,left=26,top=38');" href="javascript:void(0)">Interactive Media Activity</a></b></font></p>
+ </font><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#808080">
+ <p>Drag and Drop: WAN Design Steps</p>
+ <p>When the student has completed this activity, the student
+ will be able to identify the basic steps in designing a WAN.</p>
+ </font><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000">
+ <p><IMG alt="" height="2" width="1" src="../../images/s.gif"></p></TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+
+
+ <p>
+
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+
+</body>
+
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_3_2/index.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_3_2/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..82a25be --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_3_2/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +<html>
+
+<head>
+
+<title>Cisco Global Learning Network</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+
+</head>
+
+<frameset cols="490,301" framespacing="0" border="0" frameborder="0" marginheight=0 marginwidth=0 topmargin=0 leftmargin=0>
+ <frameset rows="100%,48">
+ <frame name="graphics" scrolling="no" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" src="media.html">
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diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_3_2/media.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_3_2/media.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9e14bd6 --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_3_2/media.html @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +<html>
+
+<head>
+
+
+
+<title>Flash Graphic</title>
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" topmargin="1" leftmargin="1">
+<OBJECT classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000"
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+ WIDTH="100%" HEIGHT="100%">
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+
+
+
+</body>
+
+</html>
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+
+<head>
+
+
+
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
+
+
+
+<title>New Page 1</title>
+<script language="JavaScript" src="../../javascript/buttons.js"></script>
+
+
+<script language="JavaScript">
+
+<!--
+
+if (document.images) {
+ image1on = new Image();
+ image1on.src = "../../images/index_ov.gif";
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+ image2on = new Image();
+ image2on.src = "../../images/glossary_ov.gif";
+
+ image3on = new Image();
+ image3on.src = "../../images/back_ov.gif";
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+ if (document.images) {
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+
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+
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+<base target="_self">
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+
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+
+<body bgcolor="#cccccc" topmargin="0" leftmargin="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0">
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+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" height="48" width="100%" style="border-collapse: collapse" bordercolor="#111111">
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+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="100%" height="48" align="right"><font color="#FFFFFF" size="2" face="Arial"><b> </b></font>
+ <img name="hint" border="0" src="../../images/menu_up.gif" width="136" height="19"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" align="left" height="48"><a onMouseOver="changeImages('image1', 'image1on'); changeImages('hint', 'image1hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image1', 'image1off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');" href="javascript:openIndex('ch2');">
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+ <td bgcolor="#336666" align="left" height="48"><a onMouseOver="changeImages('image5', 'image5on'); changeImages('hint', 'image5hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image5', 'image5off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');" href="javascript:openQuiz('ch02');">
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+ <td bgcolor="#336666" align="left" height="48"><a href="javascript:openGlossary();" onMouseOver="changeImages('image2', 'image2on'); changeImages('hint', 'image2hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image2', 'image2off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');">
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+ <img name="image3" border="0" src="../../images/back_up.gif" width="30" height="48"></a></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="100%" valign="middle" height="48">
+ <a target="main" onMouseOver="changeImages('image4', 'image4on'); changeImages('hint', 'image4hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image4', 'image4off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');" href="../2_3_4/index.html">
+ <img name="image4" border="0" src="../../images/next_up.gif" width="30" height="48"></a></td>
+ <td height="48"><img border="0" src="../../images/menu_bar.gif" width="15" height="48"></td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+</html>
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+
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+
+
+
+<title>Content</title>
+<base target="_self">
+</head>
+
+<body background="../../images/bg.gif" topmargin="0" leftmargin="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" onLoad="window.focus();" link="#808080" vlink="#808080" alink="#808080">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="18" valign="top">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/content_lines.gif" width="16" height="25">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="2" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666"><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF"><b>2.</b></font><b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">3</font></b></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666"><img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="10" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="100%"><strong>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">WAN Design</font></strong></td>
+ <td width="9" bgcolor="#336666"> </td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="18"> </td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25"><b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">
+ 2.3.3</font></b></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999"><img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="10" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="100%">
+ <font size="2" color="#FFFFFF"><b><span style="font-family: Arial">How to
+ identify and select networking capabilities</span></b></font></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="9"> </td>
+ </tr></table>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="95%" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <tr>
+ <td width="15"></td>
+ <td><font face="Arial" size="2">Designing a WAN essentially consists of
+ the following:</font><ul>
+ <li><font face="Arial" size="2">Selecting an interconnection pattern
+ or layout for the links between the various locations</font></li>
+ <li><font face="Arial" size="2">Selecting the technologies for those
+ links to meet the enterprise requirements at an acceptable cost</font></li>
+ </ul>
+ <p><font face="Arial" size="2">Many WANs use a star topology. As the
+ enterprise grows and new branches are added, the branches are connected
+ back to the head office, producing a traditional star topology.
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/1.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12"> Star
+ end-points are sometimes cross-connected, creating a mesh or partial
+ mesh topology.
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/2.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12"> This
+ provides for many possible combinations for interconnections. When
+ designing, re-evaluating, or modifying a WAN, a
+ topology that meets the design requirements must be selected.
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/3.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12"></font></p>
+ <p><font face="Arial" size="2">In selecting a layout, there are several
+ factors to consider. More links will increase the cost of the network
+ services, and having multiple paths between destinations increases
+ reliability. Adding more network devices to the data path will increase
+ latency and decrease reliability. Generally, each packet must be completely received at one
+ node before it can be passed to the next. A range of dedicated
+ technologies with different features is available for the data links.
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/4.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12"></font></p>
+ <p><font face="Arial" size="2">Technologies that require the establishment of a connection before data
+ can be transmitted, such as basic telephone, ISDN, or X.25, are not
+ suitable for WANs that require rapid response time or low latency. Once
+ established, ISDN and other dialup services are low latency, low jitter
+ circuits. ISDN is often the application of choice for connecting a small
+ office or home office (SOHO) network to the enterprise network,
+ providing reliable connectivity and adaptable bandwidth. Unlike cable
+ and DSL, ISDN is an option wherever modern telephone service is
+ available. ISDN is also useful as a backup link for primary connections
+ and for providing bandwidth-on-demand connections in parallel with a
+ primary connection. A feature of these technologies is that the
+ enterprise is only charged a fee when the circuit is in use.</font></p>
+ <p><font face="Arial" size="2">The different parts of the enterprise may
+ be directly connected with leased lines, or they may be connected with
+ an access link to the nearest point-of-presence (POP) of a shared
+ network. X.25, Frame Relay, and ATM are examples of shared networks.
+ Leased lines will generally be much longer and therefore more expensive
+ than access links, but are available at virtually any bandwidth. They
+ provide very low latency and jitter.</font></p>
+ <p><font face="Arial" size="2">ATM, Frame Relay, and X.25 networks carry
+ traffic from several customers over the same internal links. The
+ enterprise has no control over the number of links or hops that data
+ must traverse in the shared network. It cannot control the time data
+ must wait at each node before moving to the next link. This uncertainty
+ in latency and jitter makes these technologies unsuitable for some types
+ of network traffic. However, the disadvantages of a shared network may
+ often be outweighed by the reduced cost. Because several customers are
+ sharing the link, the cost to each will generally be less than the cost
+ of a direct link of the same capacity.</font></p>
+ <p><font face="Arial" size="2">Although ATM is a shared network, it has
+ been designed to produce minimal latency and jitter through the use of
+ high-speed internal links sending easily manageable units of data,
+ called cells. ATM cells have a fixed length of 53 bytes, 48 for data and
+ 5 for the header. ATM is widely used
+ for carrying delay-sensitive traffic. Frame Relay may also be used for
+ delay-sensitive traffic, often using QoS mechanisms to give priority to
+ the more sensitive data.</font></p>
+ <p><font face="Arial" size="2">A typical WAN uses a combination of technologies that are usually chosen
+ based on traffic type and volume. ISDN, DSL, Frame Relay, or
+ leased lines are used to connect individual branches into an area. Frame Relay, ATM, or
+ leased lines are used to connect external areas back to the backbone.
+ ATM or leased lines form the WAN backbone.</font></p>
+ <p><font face="Arial" size="2"> </font>
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+
+</body>
+
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_3_3/index.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_3_3/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..82a25be --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_3_3/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +<html>
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+
+<head>
+
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+</head>
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+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="100%" height="48" align="right"><font color="#FFFFFF" size="2" face="Arial"><b> </b></font>
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+
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+
+
+
+<title>Content</title>
+<base target="_self">
+</head>
+
+<body background="../../images/bg.gif" topmargin="0" leftmargin="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" onLoad="window.focus();" link="#808080" vlink="#808080" alink="#808080">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="18" valign="top">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/content_lines.gif" width="16" height="25">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="2" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666"><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF"><b>2.</b></font><b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">3</font></b></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666"><img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="10" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="100%"><strong>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">WAN Design</font></strong></td>
+ <td width="9" bgcolor="#336666"> </td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="18"> </td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25"><b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">
+ 2.3.4</font></b></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999"><img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="10" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="100%"><strong>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">Three-layer design model</font></strong></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="9"> </td>
+ </tr></table>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="95%" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <tr>
+ <td width="15"></td>
+ <td><font face="Arial" size="2">
+ A systematic approach is needed when many locations
+ must be joined. A hierarchical solution with three layers offers many
+ advantages.
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/1.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12">
+ <p>Imagine an enterprise that is operational in every country of the
+ European Union and has a branch in every town with a population over
+ 10,000. Each branch has a LAN, and it has been decided to interconnect
+ the branches. A mesh network is clearly not feasible because nearly
+ 500,000 links would be needed for the 900 centers. A simple
+ star will be very difficult to implement because it needs a router
+ with 900 interfaces at the hub or a single interface that carries 900
+ virtual circuits to a packet-switched network.</p>
+ <p>Instead, consider a hierarchical design model. A group of LANs in an
+ area are interconnected, several areas are interconnected to form a
+ region, and the various regions are interconnected to form the core of
+ the WAN. </p>
+ <p>The area could be based on the number of locations to be connected
+ with an upper limit of between 30 and 50. The area would have a star
+ topology,
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/2.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12">
+ with the hubs of the stars linked to form the region.
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/3.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/4.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12">
+ Regions could be geographic, connecting between three and ten areas,
+ and the hub of each region could be linked point-to-point.
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/5.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12"></p>
+ <p>This three-layer model follows the hierarchical design used in telephone
+ systems. The links connecting the various sites in an area that
+ provide access to the enterprise network are called the access links
+ or access layer of the WAN. Traffic between areas is distributed by
+ the distribution links, and is moved onto the core links for transfer
+ to other regions, when necessary.</p>
+ <p>This hierarchy is often useful when the network traffic mirrors the
+ enterprise branch structure and is divided into regions, areas, and
+ branches. It is also useful when there is a central service to which
+ all branches must have access, but traffic levels are insufficient to
+ justify direct connection of a branch to the service.</p>
+ <p>The LAN at the center of the area may have servers providing
+ area-based as well as local service. Depending on the traffic volumes
+ and types, the access connections may be dial up, leased, or Frame
+ Relay. Frame Relay facilitates some meshing for redundancy without
+ requiring additional physical connections. Distribution links could be
+ Frame Relay or ATM, and the network core could be ATM or leased line.</p>
+ <p>
+
+ </font></p>
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+
+</body>
+
+</html>
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+
+<head>
+
+
+
+<title>Flash Graphic</title>
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" topmargin="1" leftmargin="1">
+<OBJECT classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000"
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+ <td bgcolor="#336666" align="left" height="48"><a onMouseOver="changeImages('image1', 'image1on'); changeImages('hint', 'image1hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image1', 'image1off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');" href="javascript:openIndex('ch2');">
+ <img name="image1" border="0" src="../../images/index_up.gif" width="31" height="48"></a></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" align="left" height="48"><a onMouseOver="changeImages('image5', 'image5on'); changeImages('hint', 'image5hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image5', 'image5off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');" href="javascript:openQuiz('ch02');">
+ <img name="image5" border="0" src="../../images/quiz_up.gif" width="31" height="48"></a></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" align="left" height="48"><a href="javascript:openGlossary();" onMouseOver="changeImages('image2', 'image2on'); changeImages('hint', 'image2hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image2', 'image2off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');">
+ <img name="image2" border="0" src="../../images/glossary_up.gif" width="31" height="48"></a></td>
+
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" valign="middle" align="left" height="48">
+ <a target="main" onMouseOver="changeImages('image3', 'image3on'); changeImages('hint', 'image3hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image3', 'image3off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');" href="../2_3_4/index.html">
+ <img name="image3" border="0" src="../../images/back_up.gif" width="30" height="48"></a></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="100%" valign="middle" height="48">
+ <a target="main" onMouseOver="changeImages('image4', 'image4on'); changeImages('hint', 'image4hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image4', 'image4off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');" href="../2_3_6/index.html">
+ <img name="image4" border="0" src="../../images/next_up.gif" width="30" height="48"></a></td>
+ <td height="48"><img border="0" src="../../images/menu_bar.gif" width="15" height="48"></td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_3_5/content.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_3_5/content.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..12e5dd7 --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_3_5/content.html @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +<html>
+
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+
+
+
+<title>Content</title>
+<base target="_self">
+</head>
+
+<body background="../../images/bg.gif" topmargin="0" leftmargin="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" onLoad="window.focus();" link="#808080" vlink="#808080" alink="#808080">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="18" valign="top">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/content_lines.gif" width="16" height="25">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="2" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666"><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF"><b>2.</b></font><b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">3</font></b></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666"><img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="10" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="100%"><strong>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">WAN Design</font></strong></td>
+ <td width="9" bgcolor="#336666"> </td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="18"> </td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25"><b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">
+ 2.3.5</font></b></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999"><img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="10" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="100%"><strong>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">Other layered design models</font></strong></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="9"> </td>
+ </tr></table>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="95%" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <tr>
+ <td width="15"></td>
+ <td><font face="Arial" size="2">
+ Many networks do not require the complexity of a
+ full three-layer hierarchy.
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/1.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12"> Simpler hierarchies may be used.
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/2.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12"></font><p><font face="Arial" size="2">
+ An enterprise with several relatively small branches that require
+ minimal inter-branch traffic may choose a one-layer design. Historically
+ this has not been popular because of the length of the leased lines.
+ Frame Relay, where charges are not distance related, is now making this
+ a feasible design solution.</font></p>
+ <p><font face="Arial" size="2">
+ If there is a need for some geographical concentration, a two-level
+ design is appropriate. This produces a “star of stars” pattern. Again,
+ the pattern chosen based on leased line technology will be
+ considerably different from the pattern based on Frame Relay
+ technology.</font></p>
+ <p><font face="Arial" size="2">
+ When planning simpler networks, the three-layer model should still be
+ considered as it may provide for better network scalability. The hub
+ at the center of a two-layer model is also a core, but with no other
+ core routers connected to it. Likewise, in a single-layer solution the
+ area hub serves as the regional hub and the core hub. This allows easy
+ and rapid future growth as the basic design can be replicated to add
+ new service areas.</font></p>
+ <p><font face="Arial" size="2"> </font>
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+
+</body>
+
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_3_5/index.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_3_5/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..82a25be --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_3_5/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +<html>
+
+<head>
+
+<title>Cisco Global Learning Network</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+
+</head>
+
+<frameset cols="490,301" framespacing="0" border="0" frameborder="0" marginheight=0 marginwidth=0 topmargin=0 leftmargin=0>
+ <frameset rows="100%,48">
+ <frame name="graphics" scrolling="no" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" src="media.html">
+ <frame name="bottom" scrolling="no" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" src="../../navigation.html" target="contents">
+ </frameset>
+ <frameset rows="100%,48">
+ <frame name="content" scrolling="yes" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" target="_self" src="content.html">
+ <frame name="navigation" scrolling="no" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" noresize src="buttons.html" target="self">
+ </frameset>
+
+ <noframes>
+ <body>
+
+ <p>This page uses frames, but your browser doesn't support them.</p>
+
+ </body>
+ </noframes>
+</frameset>
+
+</html>
diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_3_5/media.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_3_5/media.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..24d5797 --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_3_5/media.html @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +<html>
+
+<head>
+
+
+
+<title>Flash Graphic</title>
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" topmargin="1" leftmargin="1">
+<OBJECT classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000"
+ codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,0,0"
+ WIDTH="100%" HEIGHT="100%">
+ <PARAM NAME=movie VALUE="../../flash/ch02/2_3_5.swf"> <PARAM NAME=quality VALUE=high> <PARAM NAME=bgcolor VALUE=#FFFFFF>
+ <EMBED src="../../flash/ch02/2_3_5.swf" quality=high bgcolor=#FFFFFF WIDTH="100%" HEIGHT="100%" TYPE="application/x-shockwave-flash" PLUGINSPAGE="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer"></EMBED></OBJECT>
+
+
+
+</body>
+
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_3_6/buttons.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_3_6/buttons.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..03085d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_3_6/buttons.html @@ -0,0 +1,110 @@ +<html>
+
+<head>
+
+
+
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
+
+
+
+<title>New Page 1</title>
+<script language="JavaScript" src="../../javascript/buttons.js"></script>
+
+
+<script language="JavaScript">
+
+<!--
+
+if (document.images) {
+ image1on = new Image();
+ image1on.src = "../../images/index_ov.gif";
+
+ image2on = new Image();
+ image2on.src = "../../images/glossary_ov.gif";
+
+ image3on = new Image();
+ image3on.src = "../../images/back_ov.gif";
+
+ image4on = new Image();
+ image4on.src = "../../images/next_ov.gif";
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+ image5on = new Image();
+ image5on.src = "../../images/quiz_ov.gif";
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+ image1off = new Image();
+ image1off.src = "../../images/index_up.gif";
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+ image2off = new Image();
+ image2off.src = "../../images/glossary_up.gif";
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+ image3off = new Image();
+ image3off.src = "../../images/back_up.gif";
+
+ image4off = new Image();
+ image4off.src = "../../images/next_up.gif";
+
+ image5off = new Image();
+ image5off.src = "../../images/quiz_up.gif";
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+ image1hint = new Image();
+ image1hint.src = "../../images/menu_index.gif";
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+ image2hint = new Image();
+ image2hint.src = "../../images/menu_glossary.gif";
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+ image3hint = new Image();
+ image3hint.src = "../../images/menu_back.gif";
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+ image4hint = new Image();
+ image4hint.src = "../../images/menu_next.gif";
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+ image5hint.src = "../../images/menu_quiz.gif";
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+ imageHint.src = "../../images/menu_up.gif";
+}
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+function changeImages() {
+ if (document.images) {
+ for (var i=0; i<changeImages.arguments.length; i+=2) {
+ document[changeImages.arguments[i]].src = eval(changeImages.arguments[i+1] + ".src");
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+// -->
+</script>
+
+
+<base target="_self">
+
+
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#cccccc" topmargin="0" leftmargin="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" height="48" width="100%" style="border-collapse: collapse" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="100%" height="48" align="right"><font color="#FFFFFF" size="2" face="Arial"><b> </b></font>
+ <img name="hint" border="0" src="../../images/menu_up.gif" width="136" height="19"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" align="left" height="48"><a onMouseOver="changeImages('image1', 'image1on'); changeImages('hint', 'image1hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image1', 'image1off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');" href="javascript:openIndex('ch2');">
+ <img name="image1" border="0" src="../../images/index_up.gif" width="31" height="48"></a></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" align="left" height="48"><a onMouseOver="changeImages('image5', 'image5on'); changeImages('hint', 'image5hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image5', 'image5off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');" href="javascript:openQuiz('ch02');">
+ <img name="image5" border="0" src="../../images/quiz_up.gif" width="31" height="48"></a></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" align="left" height="48"><a href="javascript:openGlossary();" onMouseOver="changeImages('image2', 'image2on'); changeImages('hint', 'image2hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image2', 'image2off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');">
+ <img name="image2" border="0" src="../../images/glossary_up.gif" width="31" height="48"></a></td>
+
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" valign="middle" align="left" height="48">
+ <a target="main" onMouseOver="changeImages('image3', 'image3on'); changeImages('hint', 'image3hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image3', 'image3off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');" href="../2_3_5/index.html">
+ <img name="image3" border="0" src="../../images/back_up.gif" width="30" height="48"></a></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="100%" valign="middle" height="48">
+ <a target="main" onMouseOver="changeImages('image4', 'image4on'); changeImages('hint', 'image4hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image4', 'image4off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');" href="../2_4_1/index.html">
+ <img name="image4" border="0" src="../../images/next_up.gif" width="30" height="48"></a></td>
+ <td height="48"><img border="0" src="../../images/menu_bar.gif" width="15" height="48"></td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_3_6/content.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_3_6/content.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..21d1e0c --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_3_6/content.html @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +<html>
+
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+
+
+
+<title>Content</title>
+<base target="_self">
+</head>
+
+<body background="../../images/bg.gif" topmargin="0" leftmargin="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" onLoad="window.focus();" link="#808080" vlink="#808080" alink="#808080">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="18" valign="top">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/content_lines.gif" width="16" height="25">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="2" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666"><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF"><b>2.</b></font><b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">3</font></b></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666"><img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="10" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="100%"><strong>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">WAN Design</font></strong></td>
+ <td width="9" bgcolor="#336666"> </td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="18"> </td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25"><b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">
+ 2.3.6</font></b></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999"><img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="10" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="100%"><strong>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">Other WAN design considerations</font></strong></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="9"> </td>
+ </tr></table>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="95%" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <tr>
+ <td width="15"></td>
+ <td><font size="2" face="Arial">
+
+ Many enterprise WANs will have connections to the Internet. This
+ poses security problems but also provides an alternative for
+ inter-branch traffic.<p>Part of the traffic that must be considered during design is going to
+ or coming from the Internet. Since the Internet probably exists
+ everywhere that the enterprise has LANs, there are two principal ways
+ that this traffic can be carried. Each LAN can have a connection to
+ its local ISP, or there can be a single connection from one of the
+ core routers to an ISP. The advantage of the first method is that
+ traffic is carried on the Internet rather than on the enterprise
+ network, possibly leading to smaller WAN links. The disadvantage of
+ permitting multiple links, is that the whole enterprise WAN is open to
+ Internet-based attacks. It is also difficult to monitor and secure the
+ many connection points. A single connection point is more easily
+ monitored and secured, even though the enterprise WAN will be carrying
+ some traffic that would otherwise have been carried on the Internet.<p>If each LAN in the enterprise has a separate Internet connection, a
+ further possibility is opened for the enterprise WAN. Where traffic
+ volumes are relatively small, the Internet can be used as the
+ enterprise WAN with all inter-branch traffic traversing the Internet.
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/1.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12"> Securing the various LANs will be an issue, but the saving in WAN
+ connections may pay for the security.<p>Servers should be placed closest to the locations that will access
+ them most often. Replication of servers, with arrangement for off-peak
+ inter-server updates, will reduce the required link capacity. Location
+ of Internet-accessible services will depend on the nature of the
+ service, anticipated traffic, and security issues. This is a
+ specialized design topic beyond the scope of this curriculum.
+
+ <p> </td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+
+</body>
+
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_3_6/index.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_3_6/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..82a25be --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_3_6/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +<html>
+
+<head>
+
+<title>Cisco Global Learning Network</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+
+</head>
+
+<frameset cols="490,301" framespacing="0" border="0" frameborder="0" marginheight=0 marginwidth=0 topmargin=0 leftmargin=0>
+ <frameset rows="100%,48">
+ <frame name="graphics" scrolling="no" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" src="media.html">
+ <frame name="bottom" scrolling="no" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" src="../../navigation.html" target="contents">
+ </frameset>
+ <frameset rows="100%,48">
+ <frame name="content" scrolling="yes" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" target="_self" src="content.html">
+ <frame name="navigation" scrolling="no" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" noresize src="buttons.html" target="self">
+ </frameset>
+
+ <noframes>
+ <body>
+
+ <p>This page uses frames, but your browser doesn't support them.</p>
+
+ </body>
+ </noframes>
+</frameset>
+
+</html>
diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_3_6/media.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_3_6/media.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1566913 --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch2/2_3_6/media.html @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +<html>
+
+<head>
+
+
+
+<title>Flash Graphic</title>
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" topmargin="1" leftmargin="1">
+<OBJECT classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000"
+ codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,0,0"
+ WIDTH="100%" HEIGHT="100%">
+ <PARAM NAME=movie VALUE="../../flash/ch02/2_3_6.swf"> <PARAM NAME=quality VALUE=high> <PARAM NAME=bgcolor VALUE=#FFFFFF>
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+
+
+
+</body>
+
+</html>
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+
+<head>
+
+
+
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
+
+
+
+<title>New Page 1</title>
+<script language="JavaScript" src="../../javascript/buttons.js"></script>
+
+
+<script language="JavaScript">
+
+<!--
+
+if (document.images) {
+ image1on = new Image();
+ image1on.src = "../../images/index_ov.gif";
+
+ image2on = new Image();
+ image2on.src = "../../images/glossary_ov.gif";
+
+ image3on = new Image();
+ image3on.src = "../../images/back_ov.gif";
+
+ image4on = new Image();
+ image4on.src = "../../images/next_ov.gif";
+
+ image5on = new Image();
+ image5on.src = "../../images/quiz_ov.gif";
+
+ image1off = new Image();
+ image1off.src = "../../images/index_up.gif";
+
+ image2off = new Image();
+ image2off.src = "../../images/glossary_up.gif";
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+ image3off = new Image();
+ image3off.src = "../../images/back_up.gif";
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+ image4off = new Image();
+ image4off.src = "../../images/next_up.gif";
+
+ image5off = new Image();
+ image5off.src = "../../images/quiz_up.gif";
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+ image1hint = new Image();
+ image1hint.src = "../../images/menu_index.gif";
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+ image2hint = new Image();
+ image2hint.src = "../../images/menu_glossary.gif";
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+ image3hint = new Image();
+ image3hint.src = "../../images/menu_back.gif";
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+ image4hint = new Image();
+ image4hint.src = "../../images/menu_next.gif";
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+ image5hint.src = "../../images/menu_quiz.gif";
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+ imageHint = new Image();
+ imageHint.src = "../../images/menu_up.gif";
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+
+function changeImages() {
+ if (document.images) {
+ for (var i=0; i<changeImages.arguments.length; i+=2) {
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+<base target="_self">
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+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#cccccc" topmargin="0" leftmargin="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" height="48" width="100%" style="border-collapse: collapse" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="100%" height="48" align="right"><font color="#FFFFFF" size="2" face="Arial"><b> </b></font>
+ <img name="hint" border="0" src="../../images/menu_up.gif" width="136" height="19"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" align="left" height="48"><a onMouseOver="changeImages('image1', 'image1on'); changeImages('hint', 'image1hint');" onMouseOut="changeImages('image1', 'image1off'); changeImages('hint', 'imageHint');" href="javascript:openIndex('ch1');">
+ <img name="image1" border="0" src="../../images/index_up.gif" width="31" height="48"></a></td>
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+
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
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+ width="2" height="1"></font></td>
+ <td width="100%" bgcolor="#336666"><b>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">Summary</font></b></td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="95%" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <tr>
+ <td width="15"></td>
+ <td>
+
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">An understanding of the following key
+ points should have been achieved:</font><ul>
+ <li>
+
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">Differences in the geographic areas served
+ between WANs and LANs</font></li>
+ <li>
+
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">Similarities in the OSI model layers involved
+ between WANs and LANs</font></li>
+ <li>
+
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">Familiarity with WAN terminology
+ describing equipment, such as CPE, CO, local loop, DTE, DCE, CSU/DSU,
+ and TA</font></li>
+ <li>
+
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">Familiarity with WAN terminology
+ describing services and standards, such as ISDN, Frame Relay, ATM,
+ T1, HDLC, PPP, POST, BRI, PRI, X.25, and DSL</font></li>
+ <li>
+
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">Differences between packet-switched and
+ circuit-switched networks</font></li>
+ <li>
+
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">Differences and similarities between
+ current WAN technologies, including analog dialup, ISDN, leased line,
+ X.25, Frame Relay, and ATM services</font></li>
+ <li>
+
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">Advantages and drawbacks of DSL and cable
+ modem services</font></li>
+ <li>
+
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">Ownership and cost associated with WAN
+ data links</font></li>
+ <li>
+
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">Capacity requirements and transit times
+ for various WAN traffic types, such as voice, data, and video</font></li>
+ <li>
+
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">Familiarity with WAN topologies, such as
+ point-to-point, star, and meshed</font></li>
+ <li>
+
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">Elements of WAN design, including
+ upgrading, extending, modifying an existing WAN, and recommending a
+ WAN service to an organization based on its needs</font></li>
+ <li>
+
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">Advantages offered with a three-layer
+ hierarchical WAN design</font></li>
+ <li>
+
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">Alternatives for interbranch WAN traffic</font></li>
+ </ul>
+ <p><font face="Arial" size="2"> </font>
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+
+</body>
+
+</html>
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+
+<head>
+
+<title>Cisco Global Learning Network</title>
+
+
+</head>
+
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+
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+
+<title>Cisco Networking Academy Program</title>
+
+
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