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| author | Sven Eisenhauer <sven@sven-eisenhauer.net> | 2023-11-10 15:11:48 +0100 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Sven Eisenhauer <sven@sven-eisenhauer.net> | 2023-11-10 15:11:48 +0100 |
| commit | 33613a85afc4b1481367fbe92a17ee59c240250b (patch) | |
| tree | 670b842326116b376b505ec2263878912fca97e2 /Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch3/3_2_1/content.html | |
| download | Studium-master.tar.gz Studium-master.tar.bz2 | |
Diffstat (limited to 'Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch3/3_2_1/content.html')
| -rw-r--r-- | Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch3/3_2_1/content.html | 219 |
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diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch3/3_2_1/content.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch3/3_2_1/content.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..424c26e --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch3/3_2_1/content.html @@ -0,0 +1,219 @@ +<html>
+
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+
+
+
+<title>Content</title>
+<base target="_self">
+</head>
+
+<body background="../../images/bg.gif" topmargin="0" leftmargin="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" onLoad="window.focus();" link="#808080" vlink="#808080" alink="#808080">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="18" valign="top">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/content_lines.gif" width="16" height="25">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="2" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666"><b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">3.2</font></b></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666"><img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="10" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="100%"><strong>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">PPP Authentication </font>
+ </strong></td>
+ <td width="9" bgcolor="#336666"> </td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="18"> </td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25"><b>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">3.2.1</font></b></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999"><img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="10" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="100%">
+ <b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">PPP layered architecture</font></b></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="9"> </td>
+ </tr></table>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="95%" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <tr>
+ <td width="15"></td>
+ <td>
+
+ <font size="2" face="Arial">
+ <p>PPP uses a layered architecture. A
+ layered architecture is a logical model, design, or blueprint that
+ aids in communication between interconnecting layers. The Open System
+ Interconnection (OSI) model is the layered architecture used in
+ networking. PPP provides a method for encapsulating multi-protocol
+ datagrams over a point-to-point link, and uses the data link layer for
+ testing the connection. Therefore PPP is made up of two sub-protocols:
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/1.gif" align="middle" width="12" height="12"><ul>
+ <li><b>Link Control Protocol</b> – Used for establishing the point-to-point
+ link. <img border="0" src="../../images/2.gif" align="middle" width="12" height="12"></li>
+ <li><b>Network Control Protocol</b> – Used for configuring the various
+ network layer protocols.
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/3.gif" align="middle" width="12" height="12"></li>
+ </ul>
+ <p>PPP can be configured on the following types of physical interfaces:<ul>
+ <li>Asynchronous serial</li>
+ <li>Synchronous serial</li>
+ <li>High-Speed Serial Interface (HSSI)</li>
+ <li>Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) </li>
+ </ul>
+ <p>PPP uses Link Control Protocol (LCP) to negotiate and setup
+ control options on the WAN data link. PPP uses the Network Control
+ Protocol (NCP) component to encapsulate and negotiate options for
+ multiple network layer protocols. The LCP sits on top of the physical
+ layer and is used to establish, configure, and test the data-link
+ connection.
+ <p>PPP also uses LCP to automatically agree upon encapsulation format
+ options such as:<ul>
+ <li><b>Authentication</b> – Authentication options require that
+ the calling side of the link enter information to help ensure
+ the caller has the network administrator's permission to make
+ the call. Peer routers exchange authentication messages. Two
+ authentication choices are Password Authentication Protocol
+ (PAP) and Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP). </li>
+ <li><b>Compression</b> – Compression options increase the effective throughput
+ on PPP connections by reducing the amount of data in the frame that
+ must travel across the link. The protocol decompresses the frame at
+ its destination. Two compression protocols available in Cisco routers
+ are Stacker and Predictor. </li>
+ <li><b>Error detection </b>– Error detection mechanisms with PPP enable a
+ process to identify fault conditions. The Quality and Magic Number
+ options help ensure a reliable, loop-free data link. </li>
+ <li><b>Multilink</b> – Cisco IOS Release 11.1 and later supports multilink
+ PPP. This alternative provides load balancing over the router
+ interfaces that PPP uses. </li>
+ <li><b>PPP Callback</b> – To further enhance security, Cisco IOS Release 11.1
+ offers callback over PPP. With this LCP option, a Cisco router can act
+ as a callback client or as a callback server. The client makes the
+ initial call, requests that it be called back, and terminates its
+ initial call. The callback router answers the initial call and makes
+ the return call to the client based on its configuration statements.
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ <p>LCP will also do the following:<ul>
+ <li>Handle varying limits on packet size </li>
+ <li>Detect common misconfiguration errors </li>
+ <li>Terminate the link</li>
+ <li>Determine when a link is functioning properly or when it is failing</li>
+ </ul>
+ <p>PPP permits multiple network layer protocols to operate on the same
+ communications link. For every network layer protocol used, a separate
+ Network Control Protocol (NCP) is provided. For example, Internet
+ Protocol (IP) uses the IP Control Protocol (IPCP), and Internetwork
+ Packet Exchange (IPX) uses the Novell IPX Control Protocol (IPXCP). NCPs
+ include functional fields containing standardized codes to indicate
+ the network layer protocol type that PPP encapsulates.
+ <p>The fields of a PPP frame are as follows:<ul>
+ <li><b>Flag</b> – Indicates the beginning or end of a frame and consists of the
+ binary sequence 01111110. </li>
+ <li><b>Address</b> – Consists of the standard broadcast address, which is the
+ binary sequence 11111111. PPP does not assign individual station
+ addresses. </li>
+ <li><b>Control</b> – 1 byte that consists of the binary sequence 00000011,
+ which calls for transmission of user data in an unsequenced frame. A
+ connection-less link service similar to that of Logical Link Control
+ (LLC) Type 1 is provided. </li>
+ <li><b>Protocol</b> – 2 bytes that identify the protocol encapsulated in the
+ data field of the frame.
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/4.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12"></li>
+ <li><b>Data</b> – 0 or more bytes that contain the datagram for the protocol
+ specified in the protocol field. The end of the data field is found by
+ locating the closing flag sequence and allowing 2 bytes for the frame
+ check sequence (FCS) field. The default maximum length of the data
+ field is 1,500 bytes. </li>
+ <li><b>FCS</b> – Normally 16 bits or 2 bytes that refers to the extra
+ characters added to a frame for error control purposes.</li>
+ </ul>
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#B0AFAF" width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD valign="top">
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#669999" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD width="5">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/lab_toplft.gif" width="116" height="23"></TD>
+ <TD><IMG alt="" height="1" width="3" src="../../images/s.gif"></TD><TD align="right" valign="top">
+ <IMG alt="" src="../../images/corner_ur_7.gif" width="7" height="7"></TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#B0AFAF" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD>
+ <TABLE width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <TR>
+ <TD bgcolor="#ffffff" width="15"> </TD>
+ <TD bgcolor="#ffffff"><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000">
+ <p><font color="#808080">
+ <a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="window.open('../../activities/ch03/activity_3_2_1.html','Interactivity','width=740,height=390,toolbar=0,resizable=yes,scrollbars=0,screenX=26,screenY=38,left=26,top=38');">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/media_icon.gif" width="25" height="25"></a> <b>
+ <a onClick="window.open('../../activities/ch03/activity_3_2_1.html','Interactivity','width=740,height=390,toolbar=0,resizable=yes,scrollbars=0,screenX=26,screenY=38,left=26,top=38');" href="javascript:void(0)">Interactive Media Activity</a></b></font></p>
+ </font><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#808080">
+ <p>Drag and Drop: PPP Layered Architecture</p>
+ <p>When the student has completed this activity, the student
+ will understand the basic PPP layered architecture.</p>
+ </font><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000">
+ <p><IMG alt="" height="2" width="1" src="../../images/s.gif"></p></TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+
+
+
+
+
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#B0AFAF" width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD valign="top">
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#669999" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD width="5">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/lab_toplft.gif" width="116" height="23"></TD>
+ <TD><IMG alt="" height="1" width="3" src="../../images/s.gif"></TD><TD align="right" valign="top">
+ <IMG alt="" src="../../images/corner_ur_7.gif" width="7" height="7"></TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#B0AFAF" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD>
+ <TABLE width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <TR>
+ <TD bgcolor="#ffffff" width="15"> </TD>
+ <TD bgcolor="#ffffff"><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000">
+ <p><font color="#808080">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/links_icon.gif" width="25" height="25">
+ <b>Web Links</b></font></p>
+ </font><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#808080">
+
+ <p>Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)<p>
+ <a target="_blank" href="http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/ito_doc/ppp.htm">
+ http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/
+ td/doc/cisintwk/ito_doc/ppp.htm</a></font></p>
+
+ <p>
+ <IMG alt="" height="2" width="1" src="../../images/s.gif"></p>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE><p>
+
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+
+</body>
+
+</html>
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