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| author | Sven Eisenhauer <sven@sven-eisenhauer.net> | 2023-11-10 15:11:48 +0100 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Sven Eisenhauer <sven@sven-eisenhauer.net> | 2023-11-10 15:11:48 +0100 |
| commit | 33613a85afc4b1481367fbe92a17ee59c240250b (patch) | |
| tree | 670b842326116b376b505ec2263878912fca97e2 /Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch6/6_1_8/content.html | |
| download | Studium-master.tar.gz Studium-master.tar.bz2 | |
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| -rw-r--r-- | Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch6/6_1_8/content.html | 155 |
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diff --git a/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch6/6_1_8/content.html b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch6/6_1_8/content.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8a5b98a --- /dev/null +++ b/Bachelor/CCNA4/en_CCNA4_v30/ch6/6_1_8/content.html @@ -0,0 +1,155 @@ +<html>
+
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+<title>Content</title>
+<base target="_self">
+</head>
+
+<body background="../../images/bg.gif" topmargin="0" leftmargin="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" onLoad="window.focus();" link="#808080" vlink="#808080" alink="#808080">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="18" valign="top">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/content_lines.gif" width="16" height="25">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="2" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666"><b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">6.1</b></font></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666"><img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="10" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="100%"><b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">
+ Workstations and Servers</font></b></td>
+ <td width="9" bgcolor="#336666"> </td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="18"> </td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25"><b>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">6.1.8</font></b></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999"><img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="10" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="100%"><strong>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">Concept of service on servers</font></strong></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="9"> </td>
+ </tr></table>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="95%" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <tr>
+ <td width="15"></td>
+ <td>
+
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">Networking operating systems (NOSs) are
+ designed to provide network processes to clients. Network
+ services include the World Wide Web (WWW), file sharing, mail
+ exchange, directory services, remote management, and print services.
+ Remote management is a powerful service that allows administrators to
+ configure networked systems that are miles apart. It is important to
+ understand that these network processes are referred to as services in
+ Windows 2000 and daemons in UNIX and Linux. Network
+ processes all provide the same functions, but the way
+ processes are loaded and interact with the NOS are different in each
+ operating system.
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/1.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/2.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/3.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12"></font><p>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">Depending on the NOS, some of these key
+ network processes may be enabled during a default installation. Most
+ popular network processes rely on the TCP/IP suite of protocols.
+ Because TCP/IP is an open, well-known set of protocols, TCP/IP-based
+ services are vulnerable to unauthorized scans and malicious
+ attacks. Denial of service (DoS) attacks, computer viruses, and
+ fast-spreading Internet worms have forced NOS designers to reconsider
+ which network services are started automatically.</font></p>
+ <p><font face="Arial" size="2">Recent versions of popular NOSs, such
+ as Windows 2000 and Red Hat Linux 7, restrict the number of network
+ services that are on by default. When deploying a NOS, key network
+ services will need to be enabled manually.</font></p>
+ <p><font face="Arial" size="2">When a user decides to print in a
+ networked printing environment, the job is sent to the appropriate
+ queue for the selected printer. Print queues stack the incoming print
+ jobs and services them using a first-in, first-out (FIFO) order. When a job is added to the queue, it is placed at the end of the
+ waiting list and printed last. The printing wait time can sometimes be long,
+ depending on the size of the print jobs at the head of the queue. A network print service will provide system administrators with the
+ necessary tools to manage the large number of print jobs being routed
+ throughout the network. This includes the ability to prioritize,
+ pause, and even delete print jobs that are waiting to be printed.</font></p>
+ <p><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>File sharing </b><br>
+ The ability to share files over a network is an important network
+ service. There are many file sharing protocols and applications in use
+ today. Within a corporate or home network, files are typically shared
+ using Windows File Sharing or the Network File Sharing (NFS) protocol.
+ In such environments, an end user may not even know if a given file is
+ on a local hard disk or on a remote server. Windows File Sharing and
+ NFS allow users to easily move, create, and delete files in remote
+ directories.</font></p>
+ <p><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>File Transfer Protocol (FTP)</b><br>
+ Many organizations make files available to remote employees, to
+ customers, and to the general public using FTP. FTP services are
+ made available to the public in conjunction with web services. For
+ example, a user may browse a website, read about a software update on
+ a web page, and then download the update using FTP. Smaller companies
+ may use a single server to provide FTP and HTTP services, while larger
+ companies may choose to use dedicated FTP servers. </font></p>
+ <p><font face="Arial" size="2">Although FTP clients must logon, many
+ FTP servers are configured to allow anonymous access. When users
+ access a server anonymously, they do not need to have a user account
+ on the system. The FTP protocol also allows users to upload, rename,
+ and delete files, so administrators must be careful to configure an
+ FTP server to control levels of access.</font></p>
+ <p><font face="Arial" size="2">FTP is a session-oriented protocol.
+ Clients must open an application layer session with the server,
+ authenticate, and then perform an action, such as download or upload.
+ If the client session is inactive for a certain length of time, the
+ server disconnects the client. This inactive length of time is called
+ an idle timeout. The length of an FTP idle timeout varies depending on
+ the software.</font></p>
+ <p><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Web services</b><br>
+ The World Wide Web is now the most visible network service. In less
+ than a decade, the World Wide Web has become a global network of
+ information, commerce, education, and entertainment. Millions of
+ companies, organizations, and individuals maintain websites on the
+ Internet. Websites are collections of web pages stored on a server or
+ group of servers.</font></p>
+ <p><font face="Arial" size="2">The World Wide Web is based on a
+ client/server model. Clients attempt to establish TCP sessions with
+ web servers. Once a session is established, a client can request data
+ from the server. HTTP typically governs client requests and server
+ transfers. Web client software includes GUI web browsers, such as
+ Netscape Navigator and Internet Explorer.</font></p>
+ <p><font face="Arial" size="2">Web pages are hosted on computers
+ running web service software. The two most common web server software
+ packages are Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) and Apache
+ Web Server. Microsoft IIS runs on a Windows platform and Apache Web
+ Server runs on UNIX and Linux platforms. A Web
+ service software package is available for virtually all operating systems currently in
+ production.</font></p>
+ <p><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Domain Name System (DNS) </b><br>
+ The Domain Name System (DNS) protocol translates an Internet name,
+ such as www.cisco.com, into an IP address. Many applications rely on
+ the directory services provided by DNS to do this work. Web browsers,
+ e-mail programs, and file transfer programs all use the names of
+ remote systems. The DNS protocol allows these clients to make requests
+ to DNS servers in the network for the translation of names to IP
+ addresses. Applications can then use the addresses to send their
+ messages. Without this directory lookup service, the Internet would be
+ almost impossible to use.</font></p>
+ <p><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
+ (DHCP)</b><br>
+ The purpose of Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is to enable
+ individual computers on an IP network to learn their TCP/IP
+ configurations from the DHCP server or servers. DHCP servers
+ have no information about the individual computers until
+ information is requested. The overall purpose of this is to reduce the
+ work necessary to administer a large IP network. The most significant
+ piece of information distributed in this manner is the IP address that
+ identifies the host on the network. DHCP also allows for recovery and
+ the ability to automatically renew network IP addresses through a
+ leasing mechanism. This mechanism allocates an IP address for a
+ specific time period, releases it, and then assigns a new IP address. DHCP allows all this to be done by a DHCP server which saves the
+ system administrator considerable amount of time.</font></p>
+ <p><font face="Arial" size="2">
+ </font>
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+
+</body>
+
+</html>
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