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+
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+
+
+
+<title>Content</title>
+<base target="_self">
+</head>
+
+<body background="../../images/bg.gif" topmargin="0" leftmargin="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" onLoad="window.focus();" link="#808080" vlink="#808080" alink="#808080">
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="18" valign="top">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/content_lines.gif" width="16" height="25">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="2" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666"><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF"><b>3.1</b></font></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666"><img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="10" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#336666" width="100%"><strong>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">Serial Point-to-Point Links</font></strong></td>
+ <td width="9" bgcolor="#336666"> </td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="18"> </td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25"><b>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">3.1.2</font></b></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999"><img border="0" src="../../images/transdot.gif" width="10" height="1"></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="100%"><strong>
+ <font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">Time-division multiplexing</font></strong></td>
+ <td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="9"> </td>
+ </tr></table>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="95%" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <tr>
+ <td width="15"></td>
+ <td>
+
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM) is the
+ transmission of several sources of information using one common
+ channel, or signal, and then the reconstruction of the original
+ streams at the remote end.</font><p>
+
+ <font face="Arial" size="2"> In the example shown in the first figure,
+ there are three sources of information carried in turn down the output
+ channel. First, a chunk of information
+ is taken from each input channel. The size of this chunk may vary, but
+ typically it is either a bit or a byte at a time. Depending on whether
+ bits or bytes are used, this type of TDM is called bit-interleaving or
+ byte-interleaving.
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/1.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12"></font></p>
+ <p>
+
+ <font face="Arial" size="2"> Each of the three input channels has its
+ own capacity. For the output channel to be able to accommodate all the
+ information from the three inputs, the capacity of the output channel
+ must be no less than the sum of the inputs.</font></p>
+ <p>
+
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">In TDM, the output timeslot is always
+ present whether or not the TDM input has any information to transmit.
+ TDM output can be compared to a train with 32 railroad cars. Each is
+ owned by a different freight company and every day the train leaves
+ with the 32 cars attached. If one of the companies has product to
+ send, the car is loaded. If the company has nothing to send, the car
+ remains empty, but it is still part of the train.</font></p>
+ <p>
+
+ <font face="Arial" size="2">TDM is a physical layer concept, it has no
+ regard for the nature of the information that is being multiplexed onto the output channel. TDM is independent of the Layer 2
+ protocol that has been used by the input channels.</font></p>
+ <p>
+
+ <font face="Arial" size="2"> One TDM example is Integrated Services
+ Digital Network (ISDN). ISDN basic rate (BRI) has three channels
+ consisting of two 64 kbps B-channels (B1 and B2), and a 16 kbps
+ D-channel. The TDM has nine timeslots, which are repeated.
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/2.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12"> This
+ allows the telco to actively manage and troubleshoot the local loop as
+ the demarcation point occurs after the network terminating unit (NTU).</font></p>
+ <p>
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#B0AFAF" width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD valign="top">
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#669999" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD width="5">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/lab_toplft.gif" width="116" height="23"></TD>
+ <TD><IMG alt="" height="1" width="3" src="../../images/s.gif"></TD><TD align="right" valign="top">
+ <IMG alt="" src="../../images/corner_ur_7.gif" width="7" height="7"></TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+
+ <TABLE bgcolor="#B0AFAF" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
+ <TR>
+ <TD>
+ <TABLE width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0" bordercolor="#111111">
+ <TR>
+ <TD bgcolor="#ffffff" width="15"> </TD>
+ <TD bgcolor="#ffffff"><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000">
+ <p><font color="#808080">
+ <img border="0" src="../../images/links_icon.gif" width="25" height="25">
+ <b>Web Links</b></font></p>
+ </font><font FACE="Arial" SIZE="2" COLOR="#808080">
+
+ <p>Time-Division Multiplexing<p>
+ <a target="_blank" href="http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/0,,sid9_gci214174,00.html">
+ http://whatis.techtarget.com/
+ definition/0,,sid9_gci214174,00.html</a></font></p>
+
+ <p>
+ <IMG alt="" height="2" width="1" src="../../images/s.gif"></p>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+
+ <font face="Arial" size="2"> </font>
+
+
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+ </TD>
+ </TR>
+ </TABLE>
+
+
+ <p> </font>
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+
+</body>
+
+</html>
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