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+// Fig. 7.12: fig07_12.cpp
+// Non-friend/non-member functions cannot access
+// private data of a class.
+#include <iostream>
+
+using std::cout;
+using std::endl;
+
+// Count class definition
+class Count {
+
+public:
+
+ // constructor
+ Count()
+ : x( 0 ) // initialize x to 0
+ {
+ // empty body
+
+ } // end constructor Count
+
+ // output x
+ void print() const
+ {
+ cout << x << endl;
+
+ } // end function print
+
+private:
+ int x; // data member
+
+}; // end class Count
+
+// function tries to modify private data of Count,
+// but cannot because function is not a friend of Count
+void cannotSetX( Count &c, int val )
+{
+ c.x = val; // ERROR: cannot access private member in Count
+
+} // end function cannotSetX
+
+int main()
+{
+ Count counter; // create Count object
+
+ cannotSetX( counter, 3 ); // cannotSetX is not a friend
+
+ return 0;
+
+} // end main
+
+/**************************************************************************
+ * (C) Copyright 1992-2003 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and Prentice *
+ * Hall. All Rights Reserved. *
+ * *
+ * DISCLAIMER: The authors and publisher of this book have used their *
+ * best efforts in preparing the book. These efforts include the *
+ * development, research, and testing of the theories and programs *
+ * to determine their effectiveness. The authors and publisher make *
+ * no warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, with regard to these *
+ * programs or to the documentation contained in these books. The authors *
+ * and publisher shall not be liable in any event for incidental or *
+ * consequential damages in connection with, or arising out of, the *
+ * furnishing, performance, or use of these programs. *
+ *************************************************************************/