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// Fig. 4.17: fig04_17.cpp
// This program introduces the topic of survey data analysis.
// It computes the mean, median, and mode of the data.
#include <iostream>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::fixed;
#include <iomanip>
using std::setw;
using std::setprecision;
void mean( const int [], int );
void median( int [], int );
void mode( int [], int [], int );
void bubbleSort( int[], int );
void printArray( const int[], int );
int main()
{
const int responseSize = 99; // size of array responses
int frequency[ 10 ] = { 0 }; // initialize array frequency
// initialize array responses
int response[ responseSize ] =
{ 6, 7, 8, 9, 8, 7, 8, 9, 8, 9,
7, 8, 9, 5, 9, 8, 7, 8, 7, 8,
6, 7, 8, 9, 3, 9, 8, 7, 8, 7,
7, 8, 9, 8, 9, 8, 9, 7, 8, 9,
6, 7, 8, 7, 8, 7, 9, 8, 9, 2,
7, 8, 9, 8, 9, 8, 9, 7, 5, 3,
5, 6, 7, 2, 5, 3, 9, 4, 6, 4,
7, 8, 9, 6, 8, 7, 8, 9, 7, 8,
7, 4, 4, 2, 5, 3, 8, 7, 5, 6,
4, 5, 6, 1, 6, 5, 7, 8, 7 };
// process responses
mean( response, responseSize );
median( response, responseSize );
mode( frequency, response, responseSize );
return 0; // indicates successful termination
} // end main
// calculate average of all response values
void mean( const int answer[], int arraySize )
{
int total = 0;
cout << "********\n Mean\n********\n";
// total response values
for ( int i = 0; i < arraySize; i++ )
total += answer[ i ];
// format and output results
cout << fixed << setprecision( 4 );
cout << "The mean is the average value of the data\n"
<< "items. The mean is equal to the total of\n"
<< "all the data items divided by the number\n"
<< "of data items (" << arraySize
<< "). The mean value for\nthis run is: "
<< total << " / " << arraySize << " = "
<< static_cast< double >( total ) / arraySize
<< "\n\n";
} // end function mean
// sort array and determine median element's value
void median( int answer[], int size )
{
cout << "\n********\n Median\n********\n"
<< "The unsorted array of responses is";
printArray( answer, size ); // output unsorted array
bubbleSort( answer, size ); // sort array
cout << "\n\nThe sorted array is";
printArray( answer, size ); // output sorted array
// display median element
cout << "\n\nThe median is element " << size / 2
<< " of\nthe sorted " << size
<< " element array.\nFor this run the median is "
<< answer[ size / 2 ] << "\n\n";
} // end function median
// determine most frequent response
void mode( int freq[], int answer[], int size )
{
int largest = 0; // represents largest frequency
int modeValue = 0; // represents most frequent response
cout << "\n********\n Mode\n********\n";
// initialize frequencies to 0
for ( int i = 1; i <= 9; i++ )
freq[ i ] = 0;
// summarize frequencies
for ( int j = 0; j < size; j++ )
++freq[ answer[ j ] ];
// output headers for result columns
cout << "Response" << setw( 11 ) << "Frequency"
<< setw( 19 ) << "Histogram\n\n" << setw( 55 )
<< "1 1 2 2\n" << setw( 56 )
<< "5 0 5 0 5\n\n";
// output results
for ( int rating = 1; rating <= 9; rating++ ) {
cout << setw( 8 ) << rating << setw( 11 )
<< freq[ rating ] << " ";
// keep track of mode value and largest fequency value
if ( freq[ rating ] > largest ) {
largest = freq[ rating ];
modeValue = rating;
} // end if
// output histogram bar representing frequency value
for ( int k = 1; k <= freq[ rating ]; k++ )
cout << '*';
cout << '\n'; // begin new line of output
} // end outer for
// display the mode value
cout << "The mode is the most frequent value.\n"
<< "For this run the mode is " << modeValue
<< " which occurred " << largest << " times." << endl;
} // end function mode
// function that sorts an array with bubble sort algorithm
void bubbleSort( int a[], int size )
{
int hold; // temporary location used to swap elements
// loop to control number of passes
for ( int pass = 1; pass < size; pass++ )
// loop to control number of comparisons per pass
for ( int j = 0; j < size - 1; j++ )
// swap elements if out of order
if ( a[ j ] > a[ j + 1 ] ) {
hold = a[ j ];
a[ j ] = a[ j + 1 ];
a[ j + 1 ] = hold;
} // end if
} // end function bubbleSort
// output array contents (20 values per row)
void printArray( const int a[], int size )
{
for ( int i = 0; i < size; i++ ) {
if ( i % 20 == 0 ) // begin new line every 20 values
cout << endl;
cout << setw( 2 ) << a[ i ];
} // end for
} // end function printArray
/**************************************************************************
* (C) Copyright 1992-2003 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and Prentice *
* Hall. All Rights Reserved. *
* *
* DISCLAIMER: The authors and publisher of this book have used their *
* best efforts in preparing the book. These efforts include the *
* development, research, and testing of the theories and programs *
* to determine their effectiveness. The authors and publisher make *
* no warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, with regard to these *
* programs or to the documentation contained in these books. The authors *
* and publisher shall not be liable in any event for incidental or *
* consequential damages in connection with, or arising out of, the *
* furnishing, performance, or use of these programs. *
*************************************************************************/
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