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<td bgcolor="#336666"><b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">6.1</b></font></td>
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<td bgcolor="#336666" width="100%"><b><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">Workstations and Servers</font></b></td>
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<td bgcolor="#669999" height="25"><b>
<font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">6.1.5</font></b></td>
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<td bgcolor="#669999" height="25" width="100%"><strong>
<font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">Microsoft NT, 2000, and .NET</font></strong></td>
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<p><font face="Arial" size="2">Since the release of Windows 1.0 in
November 1985, Microsoft has produced many versions of Windows
operating systems with improvements and changes to support a variety
of users and purposes. Figure
<img border="0" src="../../images/1.gif" align="absmiddle" width="12" height="12"> summarizes
the current Windows OS.</font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2">NT 4 was designed to provide an
environment for mission critical business that would be more stable
than the Microsoft consumer operating systems. It is available for
both desktop (NT 4.0 Workstation) and server (NT 4.0 Server). An
advantage of NT over previous Microsoft OSs is that DOS and older
Windows programs can be executed in virtual machines (VMs). Program
failures are isolated and do not require a system restart. </font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2">Windows NT provides a domain structure
to control user and client access to server resources. It is
administered through the User Manager for Domains application on the
domain controller. Each NT domain requires a single primary domain
controller which holds the Security Accounts Management Database (SAM)
and may have one or more backup domain controllers, each of which
contains a read-only copy of the SAM. When a user attempts to logon,
the account information is sent to the SAM database. If the
information for that account is stored in the database, the user will
be authenticated to the domain and have access to the workstation and
network resources.</font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2">Based on the NT kernel, the more recent
Windows 2000 has both desktop and server versions. Windows 2000
supports �plug-and-play� technology, permitting installation of new
devices without the need to restart the system. Windows 2000 also
includes a file encryption system for securing data on the hard disk.</font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2">Windows 2000
enables objects, such as users and resources, to be placed into
container objects called organizational units (OUs). Administrative
authority over each OU can be delegated to a user or group. This
feature allows more specific control than is possible with Windows NT
4.0.</font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2">Windows 2000 Professional is not
designed to be a full NOS. It does not provide a domain controller,
DNS server, DHCP server, or render any of the services that can be
deployed with Windows 2000 Server. The primary purpose of Windows 2000
Professional is to be part of a domain as a client-side operating
system. The type of hardware that can be installed on the system is
limited. Windows 2000 Professional can provide limited server capabilities for
small networks and peer-to-peer networks. It can be a file server, a
print server, an FTP server, and a web server, but will only support
up to ten simultaneous connections.</font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2">Windows 2000 Server adds to the
features of Windows 2000 Professional many new server-specific
functions. It can also operate as a file, print, web and application
server. The Active Directory Services feature of Windows 2000 Server
serves as the centralized point of management of users, groups,
security services, and network resources. It includes the multipurpose
capabilities required for workgroups and branch offices as well as for
departmental deployments of file and print servers, application
servers, web servers, and communication servers.</font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2">Windows 2000 Server is intended for use
in small-to-medium sized enterprise environments. It provides
integrated connectivity with Novell NetWare, UNIX, and AppleTalk
systems. It can also be configured as a communications server to
provide dialup networking services for mobile users. Windows 2000
Advanced Server provides the additional hardware and software support
needed for enterprise and extremely large networks.</font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2">Windows .NET Server is built on the
Windows 2000 Server kernel, but tailored to provide a secure and
reliable system to run enterprise-level web and FTP sites in order to
compete with the Linux and UNIX server operating systems. The Windows
.NET Server provides XML Web Services to companies which run medium to
high volume web traffic.</font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="2"> </font></p>
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